Class 3 Deck 2 Flashcards
Where are muscarinic cells found?
Effector organs of the parasympathetic nervous system
Muscarinic receptors are coupled to _______ and may either be ________ or _________.
- G proteins
- Inhibitory
- Excitatory
What are the effector organs of the muscarinic receptors?
- Heart
- Smooth muscle of pupil and digestive tract
The adrenergic receptor is broken down to what 2 classes? and they are broken down again into what?
- Alpha (Alpha 1&2)
- Beta (Beta 1,2,3)
Adrenergic receptors (Alpha and Beta) are coupled to what?
-G proteins
What adrenergic receptors tend to be excitatory?
- Alpha 1
- Beta 1 and 3
Which adrenergic receptor tends to inhibitory and why?
- Beta 2
- A greater affinity for epinepherine
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system often work in _______ in order to maintain __________
- Opposition
- Homeostasis
Most changes in the organ activity are controlled by _______ reflexes
Visceral
The _________ exerts an overriding influence on autonomic functions
Hypothalamus
What initiates the the flight or flight response by activation the sympathetic nervous system?
-Hypothalamus
Visceral sensory neurons monitor what?
- Temp
- Pain
- Irritation
- Chemical changes
- Stretch
Visceral sensory neurons are ______ scattered.
Widely
Visceral sensory fibers run with ________ nerves. Espically ______ and ________.
Autonomic
-Vagus and sympathetic
What nerves carry pain fibers from visceral organs?
Sympathetic
What is the simplified visceral neuron pathway
sensory neurons to spinothalamic tract to thalamus to cerebral cortex
Visceral pain is induced by? and seldom by?
- Stretching, infection, cramping
- Cutting or scraping
Why is pain in visceral organs is often perceived to be somatic in origin
somatic regions of body receive innervation from the same spinal cord segments
A stellate ganglion block can lead to what?
-Horners syndrome
