Class 1 Deck 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 major functions of the Nervous system?
- Sensory (monitor environment via receptors)
- Integration (Interpret sensory info)
- Motor (Response to info)
What are the 2 types of neural cells in the nervous system?
- Neuroglia
- Neurons
What does neuroglia (glial) cells do?
-Support, regulate and protect neurons
What do neuron cell do?
-Process, transfer and store information
What are the glial cells of the CNS? PNS?
- CNS = Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal
- PNS = Schwann, Satellite
What type of nervous system cell generally has the malignancy?
Glial
What type of cell creates the blood brain barrier?
Astrocytes
What functions does the astrocyte have?
- Frame work for neuron
- regulate interstitial fluid around nerve
- Chemical for neuron formation
- Scar tissue after CNS injury
What does the oligodendrocytte do?
-Create mylein sheath
What transmits impulses faster myelinated or unmyelinated neurons?
Myelinated
What does the microglia cells do?
- Brain macrophages
- Pagocytize cell waste and pathogens
What do ependymal cells do?
- Lines central canal of spinal column and ventricular cavities
- Involved in CSF secretion
Where is CSF made?
Ventricular cavities
What is the role of the schwann cell?
- Creates neurilemma
- Creates myelin sheath around axons of PNS
What does the neurilemma do?
-Regeneration of damaged axons
What does the satellite cells of the PNS do?
-Support cell bodies of neurons within the ganglia of the PNS
How many neurons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate? Schwann Cell?
- More than one
- Only one
T/F nerve cells can regenerate in the CNS.
-False, nerve cells can only regenerate in the PNS
What are the two main roles of the neuron?
- Structural unit of the nervous system
- Receives and conducts stimuli
What are the 3 components of the neuron?
- Cell body
- Axon (carries impulses away)
- Dendrites
What are the 2 functions of the neuron?
- Sensory (afferent) - receives sensory input
- Motor (efferent) - Control effector tissue
Name and describe the 3 structural classes of neurons.
- Multipolar (many dendrites / one axon) Motor
- Bipolar (1 dendrite / 1 axon) rare: eye, ear, nose only
- Unipolar (cell body outside the axon) sensory & reflex
Name the 3 classifications of neuron and what they do and the structure.
- Sensory / afferent (sensory info to the brain) mostly unipolar
- Motor / efferent (motor info from brain to periphery) multipolar
- Association / interneurons (Most common, info between neurons, analyze input, coordinate output) multipolar
Axons bundle together form _____ in the PNS and ________ in the CNS. Since both these are myelinated they are also known as _______.
- Nerves
- Tract/pathways
- White matter
Cell bodies of neurons bundle together to form _______ in the PNS and _______ in the CNS. These are unmyelinated and also known as _________.
- Ganglia
- Nuculei/centers
- Gray matter
The thicker the Axon the ______ the conduction
-Faster
Describe the node of ranvier.
-unmyelinated segments between schwann cells
What is a neurolemma?
- Continual sheath around myelin
- Peripheral nerve generation
Name the bones of the skull from front to back.
- Frontal
- ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
Name the cranial sutures
- Coronal
- Sagittal
- Lambdoid
Where do the frontal lobes of the brain rest?
-Anterior cranial fossa
Where does the temporal lobe rest?
-middle cranial fossa
Where does the brainstem and cerebellum rest?
-Posterior cranial fossa
Describe the cerebrum.
- Largest part of brain
- Controls higher mental functions
- Processes sensory and motor information
- Left and right hemispheres
What are the elevated ridges that wind around the cerebrum?
-Gyri
What is the sulci?
-Small grooves dividing the gyri
What sulcus divides the frontal from parietal lobes?
-Central sulcus
What are fissures?
-Deep groves that divide regions or lobes
What divides the two cerebral hemispheres? Cerebrum from cerebelum? temporal lobe from frontal/parietal lobes?
- Longitudinal fissure
- Transverse fissure
- Lateral fissure
Why is the central fissure important?
It divides precentral gyrus (motor) from postcentral gyrus (sensory)
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Occipital
What are the 4 main roles the frontal lobe is responsible for.
- Motor control
- Emotions
- Decision making
- Personality
What does the left and right frontal lobes control?
- Left = language related movement
- Right = Non verbal abilities
Where is the primary motor cortex and what does it do?
- Precentral gyrus
- Controls movements of body
Where is Broca’s area and what does it do?
- Left frontal lobe
- Speech and language comprehension
What are the primary roles of the parietal lobe?
- Senses
- Spatial awareness
- Proprioception
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located and what does it do?
- Postcentral gyrus
- Processing of tactile and proprioceptive info
What does the Somatosensory Association Cortex of the parietal lobe do?
-Interpretation of sensations relative to body position
What area is the primary site for taste?
-Gustatory cortex of the parietal lobe
