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Personal Neuro > Class 1 Deck 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the Nervous system?

A
  • Sensory (monitor environment via receptors)
  • Integration (Interpret sensory info)
  • Motor (Response to info)
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of neural cells in the nervous system?

A
  • Neuroglia

- Neurons

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3
Q

What does neuroglia (glial) cells do?

A

-Support, regulate and protect neurons

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4
Q

What do neuron cell do?

A

-Process, transfer and store information

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5
Q

What are the glial cells of the CNS? PNS?

A
  • CNS = Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal

- PNS = Schwann, Satellite

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6
Q

What type of nervous system cell generally has the malignancy?

A

Glial

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7
Q

What type of cell creates the blood brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

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8
Q

What functions does the astrocyte have?

A
  • Frame work for neuron
  • regulate interstitial fluid around nerve
  • Chemical for neuron formation
  • Scar tissue after CNS injury
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9
Q

What does the oligodendrocytte do?

A

-Create mylein sheath

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10
Q

What transmits impulses faster myelinated or unmyelinated neurons?

A

Myelinated

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11
Q

What does the microglia cells do?

A
  • Brain macrophages

- Pagocytize cell waste and pathogens

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12
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A
  • Lines central canal of spinal column and ventricular cavities
  • Involved in CSF secretion
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13
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

Ventricular cavities

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14
Q

What is the role of the schwann cell?

A
  • Creates neurilemma

- Creates myelin sheath around axons of PNS

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15
Q

What does the neurilemma do?

A

-Regeneration of damaged axons

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16
Q

What does the satellite cells of the PNS do?

A

-Support cell bodies of neurons within the ganglia of the PNS

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17
Q

How many neurons can an oligodendrocyte myelinate? Schwann Cell?

A
  • More than one

- Only one

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18
Q

T/F nerve cells can regenerate in the CNS.

A

-False, nerve cells can only regenerate in the PNS

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19
Q

What are the two main roles of the neuron?

A
  • Structural unit of the nervous system

- Receives and conducts stimuli

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20
Q

What are the 3 components of the neuron?

A
  • Cell body
  • Axon (carries impulses away)
  • Dendrites
21
Q

What are the 2 functions of the neuron?

A
  • Sensory (afferent) - receives sensory input

- Motor (efferent) - Control effector tissue

22
Q

Name and describe the 3 structural classes of neurons.

A
  • Multipolar (many dendrites / one axon) Motor
  • Bipolar (1 dendrite / 1 axon) rare: eye, ear, nose only
  • Unipolar (cell body outside the axon) sensory & reflex
23
Q

Name the 3 classifications of neuron and what they do and the structure.

A
  • Sensory / afferent (sensory info to the brain) mostly unipolar
  • Motor / efferent (motor info from brain to periphery) multipolar
  • Association / interneurons (Most common, info between neurons, analyze input, coordinate output) multipolar
24
Q

Axons bundle together form _____ in the PNS and ________ in the CNS. Since both these are myelinated they are also known as _______.

A
  • Nerves
  • Tract/pathways
  • White matter
25
Q

Cell bodies of neurons bundle together to form _______ in the PNS and _______ in the CNS. These are unmyelinated and also known as _________.

A
  • Ganglia
  • Nuculei/centers
  • Gray matter
26
Q

The thicker the Axon the ______ the conduction

A

-Faster

27
Q

Describe the node of ranvier.

A

-unmyelinated segments between schwann cells

28
Q

What is a neurolemma?

A
  • Continual sheath around myelin

- Peripheral nerve generation

29
Q

Name the bones of the skull from front to back.

A
  • Frontal
  • ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
30
Q

Name the cranial sutures

A
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Lambdoid
31
Q

Where do the frontal lobes of the brain rest?

A

-Anterior cranial fossa

32
Q

Where does the temporal lobe rest?

A

-middle cranial fossa

33
Q

Where does the brainstem and cerebellum rest?

A

-Posterior cranial fossa

34
Q

Describe the cerebrum.

A
  • Largest part of brain
  • Controls higher mental functions
  • Processes sensory and motor information
  • Left and right hemispheres
35
Q

What are the elevated ridges that wind around the cerebrum?

A

-Gyri

36
Q

What is the sulci?

A

-Small grooves dividing the gyri

37
Q

What sulcus divides the frontal from parietal lobes?

A

-Central sulcus

38
Q

What are fissures?

A

-Deep groves that divide regions or lobes

39
Q

What divides the two cerebral hemispheres? Cerebrum from cerebelum? temporal lobe from frontal/parietal lobes?

A
  • Longitudinal fissure
  • Transverse fissure
  • Lateral fissure
40
Q

Why is the central fissure important?

A

It divides precentral gyrus (motor) from postcentral gyrus (sensory)

41
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal
  • Temporal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
42
Q

What are the 4 main roles the frontal lobe is responsible for.

A
  • Motor control
  • Emotions
  • Decision making
  • Personality
43
Q

What does the left and right frontal lobes control?

A
  • Left = language related movement

- Right = Non verbal abilities

44
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex and what does it do?

A
  • Precentral gyrus

- Controls movements of body

45
Q

Where is Broca’s area and what does it do?

A
  • Left frontal lobe

- Speech and language comprehension

46
Q

What are the primary roles of the parietal lobe?

A
  • Senses
  • Spatial awareness
  • Proprioception
47
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located and what does it do?

A
  • Postcentral gyrus

- Processing of tactile and proprioceptive info

48
Q

What does the Somatosensory Association Cortex of the parietal lobe do?

A

-Interpretation of sensations relative to body position

49
Q

What area is the primary site for taste?

A

-Gustatory cortex of the parietal lobe

Personal Neuro (9 decks)

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