Class 3 Deck 1 Flashcards
Cranial nerve 1
-Olfactory (sense of smell)
Cranial nerve 2
-Optic nerve
The 2 optic nerves join to form what?
-Optic chiasm
Cranial nerve 3 is called what? and causes the eye to do what?
- Ocular motor
- Eye to Adduct
What 4 eye muscles does cranial nerve 3 innervate?
- Medial rectus
- Superior rectus
- Levator palpebrae
- Inferior oblique
Cranial nerve 4 is called what? and causes the eye to do what? and innervates what muscle?
- Trochlear
- Eye movement down
- Superior oblique
What is cranial nerve 5? and what does it do?
- Trigeminal
- Sensory impulses from the face
What cranial nerve is responsible for chewing?
- Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
Cranial nerve 6 is called what? What does it do? What muscle does it innervate?
- Abducens
- Abducts the eye
- Lateral rectus muscle
What does the medial rectus muscle do? lateral rectus muscle?
- Adducts the eye
- Abducts the eye
Cranial nerve 7 is called what? What does it do?
- Facial nerve
- Facial muscles and Taste
What are the 5 muscles of the facial nerves (hand on face)?
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cevical
What is cranial nerve 8 called? and what are the 2 divisions?
- Acoustic
- Vestibular and cochlear
In cranial nerve 8 (acoustic) what doe the vestibular nerve do? Cochlear?
- Balance
- Hearing
Cranial nerve 9 is what? and does what 2 things does it do?
- Glossopharyngeal
- Sensory to external ear and posterior tongue
- Motor to pharynx for swallowing and parotid gland for secreting saliva
What is cranial nerve 10 called? and what does it do?
- Vagus nerve
- Sensory innervation to many organs throughout the thorax and abdomen
- Motor to the abdominal viscera and swallowing muscles of pharynx and larynx
- Parasympathetic innervation of organs
What is cranial nerve 11? and what does it do?
- Accessory
- Shoulder and head movements
What is cranial nerve 12? and what does it do?
- Hypoglossal
- Innervates tongue muscles
What is the autonomic nervous sytsem?
-Autonomic regulation to: Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue
What is the autonomic nervous system effector targets?
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Glands
- Adipose tissue
Is the autonomic nervous system motor or sensory?
-Motor
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
- Sympathetic (adrenergic) fight or flight
- Parasympathetic (cholinergic) rest and digest
Why are autonomic motor neurons slower than somatic motor neurons?
-They are unmyelinated
How does the autonomic nervous system travel?
-Spinal cord - preganglion neuron (myelinated) - autonomic ganglion - postganglion neuron (unmyelinated) - than to target site.
How does the autonomic nervous system control homeostasis?
- Arterial pressure
- GI motility/secretion
- GU motility
- Body temp (sweating)
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is considered craniosacral? Thoracolumbar?
- craniosacral = parasympathetic
- Thoracolumbar = sympathetic
Where do the preganglionic nerves from the sympathetic nervous system originate?
Intermediolateral gray of the spinal cord
What part of the body do sympathetic nerves travel?
-Every part of the body
What is the neurotransmitter released by most postganglionic adrenergic (sympathetic) fibers? What by the preganglionic fibers?
- NorEpi
- Ach
Preganglionic neurons of the SNS originate in the region of gray matter in the thoracic and upper lumbar region called the ________
Lateral horn
The preganglionic neuron is myelinated and the axons of these form what?
-White ramus
The postganglionic neurons are unmyelinated and leave the ganglion as the what?
-Gray Ramus
Describe pattern 2 of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Long pregangliotic neurons, no post gangliotic neurons (fully myelinated)
- innervate chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
- Releases Epi (80%) and NorEpi (20%)
Describe pattern 3 of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Pass through the ganglia and synapse in prevertebral ganglion
- Long pre and short post ganliotic neurons
- Innervates intestines and bladder
Describe pattern 1 of the sympathetic nervous system
-Short pregangliotic neuron
-Synapse in sympathetic chain (can move up or down)
Long postganliotic chain
The parasymathetic nervous system is also known as what?
- Craniosacral
- Rest and digest
- Cholinergic
Parasymathetic only innervate what?
-Organs
What is the neurotransmitter for parasymapthetic end organ and pregangliotic synapse?
-Ach
What are the craniosacral nerves in which the parasympathetic nerves originate?
- Cranial nerves = 3, 7, 9, 10
- S2-4
The sacral outflow from S2-4 innervates what?
- Rectum
- Bladder
- Uterus
- External genitalia
What is responsible for erections and ejaculation?
- Erection = PNS
- Ejaculation = SNS
The cranial outflow for parasympathetic innervation does what?
- 3 = pupils constrict
- 7 = Tears, saliva
- 9 = Parotid salivary gland
- 10 = Stimulates digestion, Decrease HR, Bronchial constriction
Preganglionic fibers of the PNS pass _______ all the way to the organ to be controlled and synapse
Uninterupted
Postganglionic fibers of the PNS are located on the ______ of the organ to be controlled
Wall
Neurons that release Ach are called what?
-Cholinergic
What are the 3 cholinergic neurons?
- All preganlionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system
- Post gangliotic neurons of the PNS
- Sweat glands
Neurons that release NorEpi are called what?
-Adrenergic
What neurons are adrenergic?
-sympathetic postgliotic neurons
What are the 2 classes of cholinergic receptors?
- Nicotinic
- Muscarnic
Where are nicotinic receptor are found on the cell bodies and dendrites of what 3 things?
- sympathetic ad parasympathetic neurons
- Chromaffin cells
- Skeletal muscles cells
