Class 3 - Arterial Pathologies Flashcards
What defines an aneurysm?
dilation of an artery, vein, or the heart with a diameter that is at least 50% greater than normal
What are the 3 types of true aneurysms?
saccular
fusiform
dissecting
What is a pseudoaneurysm?
occurs when the wall of a blood vessel ruptures and blood fills the surrounding tissue
Which aortic aneurysm is more common?
abdominal aortic
Which aortic aneurysm is more deadly?
thoracic aortic
What is the most common site for aneurysms?
aorta
Risk factors for aneurysms include…
congenital vascular disease infections atherosclerosis trauma genetics
What are the tx options for aneurysms?
clipping
occlusion + bypass
endovascular embolization
stent graft
What are some symptoms of cerebral aneurysms?
double vision, facial pain, loss of vision, severe headaches from minor bleeding, tremors, uncontrolled eye movement
What is the most common cause of arterial occlusive disorders?
atherosclerosis
What is the most common symptom of arterial occlusive disorders?
intermittent claudication
Vasculitis can lead to…
narrowing/occlusion of blood vessels and formation of aneurysms
What are the two main causes/risk factors for vasculitis?
autoimmune disease
allergic reactions to medications
What is polyarteritis nodosa?
an autoimmune disease with inflammation and destructive lesions of the arterial system
What percentage of people with hepatitis B have arteritis nodosa?
50%
What is the treatment for arteritis nodosa?
corticosteroids
What else is giant cell arteritis called? Who does it mainly affect?
temporal arteritis,
folks over 80 years old
What is the treatment for giant cell arteritis?
corticosteroids
Describe the pathogenesis of Buerger’s disease.
inflammation –> thrombus formation –> vasospasm –> gangrene
TAO is most commonly seen in who?
men under 40 + heavy smokers
What signs would tell you whether someone has arterial vs. venous insufficiency?
arterial: tired legs/cramping worsens with activity and improves with rest
venous: pain worsens with standing and improves with leg elevation/activity
What are the signs/symptoms of arterial insufficiency?
intermittent claudication, redness of distal limb (elevated limb increases pallor)
gangrene
What are the 5 ‘causes’ of aneurysms?
congenital vascular disease genetics atherosclerosis trauma infections
The incidence of aneurysms is increased after what age?
50
What are the two complications of aneurysms?
thromboembolism
rupture
Abdominal aneurysms happen _ times more than thoracic
4
What are the likely symptoms of a thoracic aneurysm?
coughing up blood, chest/upper back pain, difficulty swallowing, wheezing
