Class 3

Question 1

V:Q ratio is what

Answer 1

Ventilation:perfusion ratio

Question 2

Under normal circumstances the ratio of V:Q is what

Answer 2

0.8

Question 3

V:Q > 0.8 means what

Answer 3

Inadequate perfusion

Question 4

Examples of inadequate perfusion

Answer 4

Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension

Question 5

V:Q < 0.8 means what

Answer 5

Inadequate ventilation

Question 6

Examples of inadequate ventilation

Answer 6

Atelectasis
Consolidation
Bronchoconstriction
Mucous plugs
Alveolar destruction

Question 7

Emphysema is what kind of pulmonary condition

Answer 7

Obstructive

Question 8

COPD type A is also known as

Answer 8

Emphysema

Question 9

What does emphysema cause

Answer 9

Irreversible destruction of airways distal to terminal bronchiole. Causing air trapping and lung hyperinflation

Question 10

What do radiographs show for emphysema

Answer 10

Hyperinflated lungs and flattened diaphragm

Question 11

Auscultation on pt with emphysema will show what

Answer 11

Decreased/diminished/distant; possible expiratory wheeze or crackles

Question 12

Do pt with emphysema have a productive or non productive cough

Answer 12

Nonproductive (Usually)

Question 13

Is asthma reversible or irreversible

Answer 13

Reversible

Question 14

What kind of pulmonary condition is asthma

Answer 14

Obstructive

Question 15

Exercise induced asthma (EIA) can manifest ____ hours after a sub maximal exercise session is terminated?

Answer 15

6-8

Question 16

Between asthmatic episodes (when ventilation is normal) because the person may have an overall increase airway resistance their auscultated breath sounds may be ______ than expected, especially in the upper lobe

Answer 16

Louder

Question 17

Clinical definition “persistent productive cough on most days of a 3 month period for 2 or more consecutive years” what is this

Answer 17

Chronic bronchitis

Question 18

Chronic bronchitis is also known as what

Answer 18

COPD type B

Question 19

What do radiographs show for a pt with chronic bronchitis

Answer 19

Radiopaque infiltrates

Question 20

Auscultation will show what in a pt with chronic bronchitis

Answer 20

Normal breath sounds, crackles possible wheezes

Question 21

Cystic fibrosis is what kind of pulmonary condition

Answer 21

Obstructive

Question 22

What kind of lung dysfunction is atelectasis

Answer 22

Restrictive

Question 23

Signs of atelectasis

Answer 23

Auscultation - absent or diminished breath sounds, crackles
Decreased tactile fremitus (dull)
Trachea deviates to ipsilateral side

Question 24

Pneumonia is what kind of lung dysfunction

Answer 24

Restrictive

Question 25

What are consolidations

Answer 25

Exudates (secretions) are fluids that leak out of tissue, typically because of an inflammatory process. They collect in proximal airways and can fill up and solidify alveolae that would otherwise be aerated

Question 26

What causes consolidation

Answer 26

Pneumonia Aspiration of fluid, food or upper respiratory secretions Inhalation of noxious chemicals

Question 27

Signs of consolidation

Answer 27

Auscultation - bronchial breath sounds, crackles, transmitted voice sounds are increased Increased tactile fremitus (dull)

Question 28

Is an acute pulmonary edema a medical emergency

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

In most cases a pulmonary edema occurs when …

Answer 29

The left ventricle is unable to pump blood adequately (left side heart failure)

Question 30

Observation of pt with a pulmonary edema

Answer 30

Tackypnea, orthopnea, anxiety, accessory muscle use

Question 31

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) observation

Answer 31

Labored breathing and altered mental status at onset, tachypnea, increase PA pressure

Question 32

Pulmonary embolism observation

Answer 32

Rapid onset of tachypnea, potential presence of chest pain, anxiety, dysrhythmia, lightheadedness

Question 33

Pleural effusion observation

Answer 33

Tachypnea, potential discomfort from pleuritis, decreased chest expansion on involved side

Question 34

Types of pneumothorax

Answer 34

Closed - w/o air movement into the pleural space during inspiration and expiration Open - with air moving in and out of pleural space Tension - with air moving into pleural space only during expiration

Question 35

Observation of pneumothorax

Answer 35

Tachypnea, potential discomfort from pleuritis, decreased chest expansion on involved side

Question 36

Things that can cause ipsilateral shifts of trachea

Answer 36

Atelectasis Pneumonectomy/lobectomy

Question 37

Things that can cause a contralateral shift of the trachea

Answer 37

Pleural effusion Tumor Tension PTX

Question 38

Breath sounds for COPD

Answer 38

Diminished

Question 39

Adventitious sounds for COPD

Answer 39

Crackles (except asthma) wheezeronchi

Question 40

Tactile fremitus findings for COPD

Answer 40

Decreased

Question 41

Mediate percussion for COPD

Answer 41

Increased

Question 42

Tracheal alignment for COPD

Answer 42

Midline

Question 43

Chest exam findings for atelectasis

Answer 43

- Breath sounds - diminished - adventitious sounds - crackles - tactile fremitus - decreased - mediate percussion - dull/ flat - tracheal alignment - ipsilateral - cough - variable

Question 44

Chest exam findings for pneumonia

Answer 44

- Breath sounds - bronchial - adventitious sounds - crackles/ wheezeronchi - transmitted voice sounds - E sounds like A - tactile fremitus - increased - mediate percussion - dull/flat - tracheal alignment - Madeline - cough - productive

Question 45

Chest exam findings for pulmonary edema

Answer 45

- Breath sounds - normal - adventitious sounds - crackles -Transmitted voice - E sounds like A - tactile fremitus - increased - mediate percussion - dull/flat - tracheal alignment - midline - cough - productive if severe

Question 46

Chest exam findings for pleural effusion

Answer 46

- Breath sounds - variable - adventitious sounds - pleural rub -Transmitted voice - variable - tactile fremitus - decreased - mediate percussion - dull/flat - tracheal alignment - contralateral - cough - N/A

Question 47

Chest exam findings for pneumothorax

Answer 47

- Breath sounds - diminished - adventitious sounds - -Transmitted voice - - tactile fremitus - decreased - mediate percussion - increased - tracheal alignment - contralateral - cough -

Question 48

Chest exam findings for pneumothorax

Answer 48

- Breath sounds - diminished - adventitious sounds - -Transmitted voice - - tactile fremitus - decreased - mediate percussion - increased - tracheal alignment - contralateral - cough -