Class 2 Flashcards
Hypoxemia is what
Low oxygen (O2) in the blood, i.e. PaO2
Hypoxia is what
Low oxygen (O2) in the tissue
SaO2 is what
Percent of oxygen saturation in the blood (Hgb) as measured by arterial blood gas stick
SpO2 is what
Percent of saturation in the blood (Hgb) as measured by a pulse oximeter
Normal ABGs values for
- PaO2 or PO2
- PCO2 or PCO2
-Ph
- HCO3
- greater than 80
- 35-45
-7.35 - 7.45 - 22 - 26
ABGs are generally reported in the following format
Ph/PaCO2/PaO2/HCO3
Hematocrit (Hct) normal values for men and women
Men = 42-52%
Women = 37-47%
Hemoglobin (Hgb) normal values for men and women
Men = 14-18 g/dL
Women = 12-16 g/dL
Normal RBC for men and women
Men = 4.5-6 million
Women = 4 - 5.5 million
What is Anemia
Low values of any of these three measures Hct, Hgb, or low RBC
Normal WBC
5,000 - 10,000
Normal platelets or thrombocytes count
200,000-500,000
What does a pulse oximetry measure
Method of determining Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) by measuring SpO2 (saturation of peripheral oxygen)
Normal SpO2 value
95% - 100%
What SpO2 value indicates need for supplemental O2
88%
Factors impacting SpO2 pulse-ox readings
- poor circulation
- movement of the sensor cord
- cleanliness of the sensors
- nail polish
- intense light
- increased level of carboxyhemoglobin
- Jaundice
- skin pigmentation
- shock states
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- severe hypoxia
Individuals with hidden hypoxemia experienced higher what…
Organ dysfunction scored and higher hospital mortality
Small changes in _____ levels are associated with large changes in _____
PaO2, oxygen saturation (SaO2)
SaO2 = 95%
PaO2 = 80%
Pt may experience what
Tachypnea and tachycardia
SaO2 = 90%
PaO2 = 60%
Pt may experience what
Restlessness
Malaise
Impaired judgment
In coordination
Vertigo
Nausea
SaO2 = 85%
PaO2 = 50%
Pt may experience what
Labored respiration
Cardiac Dysrhythmia
Confusion
What does a right shift indicate on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Hemoglobin will release O2 more freely into tissue ( decreased affinity for O2)
A left shift on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve indicates what
Hemoglobin will hold onto its O2 less freely into the tissue ( increased affinity for O2)
Causes for a right shift
Increase:
PCO2
temp
2,3 - DPG
Decreased : pH
