Class 3 Flashcards
food introduction
what, when, how
complementary feeding
“breast milk is the natural 1st food for babies, it provides all the engird & nutrient that the infants needs for the 1st months of life, & it continues to provide up to 1.2 or more of a Childs nutritional needs during the second half of the 1st year and up to 1/3 during the second year of life” - WHO 2019
after food has been introduced
breast milk is still support important for the infant…complete transition during weaning is slow
complementary defined
giving foods in addition milk; these other foods are called complementary foods—two years and beyond
signs of readiness
- 6 months or older (adjusted age for premature births)
- sits well unsupported(reduce chocking- tells the core/ abdominal strength, they have more muscular tone in digestive organs)
- no longer has “tongue-thrust” reflux; doesn’t automatically push things off their mouth with their tongue
- ready & willing to chew
- “pincer” grasp developing; coordination of index finger & thump to something
- keen to join mealtime, attempting to pick up food & put it in their mouth
la leche league
“by waiting for him to be developmentally ready, he becomes an active participant in eating, rather than merely a passive recipient, this helps to put him in charge of much he eats, teaching him important fullness cues”
how often
'’1st it is your milk with solids for the joy of it; eventually it’s solids with your milk for the joy of it”-the womanly art of breastfeeding
7-9 months
2x per day (1/4 -1/2 cup/ meal)
9-12 months
3x per day (1/2 cup/meal)
12-24 months
3x per day, plus snacks 1-2x per day (3/4- 1 cup/meal)
even if infant pushes food out of the mouth they still gain exposure and experience with food
they learn so much from their mouths and mimicking adults
getting started
always offer solids when baby is seated in well supported, upright position
-allow baby to explore the textures of foods: let your baby take their time
getting started
eat with baby at table during mealtimes; lead by example (eat the foods you’d like your baby to be consuming)
- when 1st intruding, offer food in between milk feedings when child content & calm
- refrain from ‘helping’ baby with finger foods
getting started
-gagging, coughing, & even spitting/ throwing up are all normal & serve to support baby to learn how to properly manage the size & shape of foods they can safely eat
choking
is a silent act, always eat with an adult..this happens by visually being present.
learning how to gag and get foo out of system is really important
baby eating
if baby gages while eating, try to remain calm and allow them to manage the food on their own
keep in mind
that breast milk is still primary source of nutrients during the 1st year& should make up the majority of the baby’s nutrition
baby-led weaning
purées
finger foods
combination
purées
- smooth consistency (not chunky)
- let baby set the pace when spoon-feeding; avoid encouraging or forcing e.g. “just one more bite!”
- try to avoid words of affirmation and self enjoyment–let the child find their own affirmation (not hungry anymore etc..)
purées-2
allow baby to explore, touch & play with purée when 1st introducing
teeth themselves
are not signs of readiness, gums themselves are strong and dense
Finger foods:
texture
should be soft enough to squish between your tongue & roof of mouth (e.g banana quartered length-wise, avocado stripes, baked yam sticks)
finger foods:
size & shape
stick-shaped foods are easier & safer than small “bite sized” pieces/ Babies will hold stick-shaped pieces with their whole hand and there should be enough sticking out for them to bite
finger foods:
small, round foods
should be cut in hale lengthwise (e.g grapes and cherry tomatoes)
softer fruits & vegetables
can be offer raw (inner cucumber & melon without peel) ripe/soft fruits can be offered in raw wedges or whole once baby is comfortable (eg, pears & peaches), removing edible peel for younger babies
hard fruits & vegetables
should be steamed or baked soft (increase water content w steaming), until baby is quite comfortable biting & chewing safely (eg apple a& cahoots)
hard fruits & vegetables
Should be steamed or baked soft, until baby is quite
comfortable biting & chewing safely (e.g. apples &
carrots). Remove edible peel for younger babies
(e.g. apples)
meat
once you’ve seen that baby can safely chew & swallow, meat can be offered strips that can be held easily and sucked or chewed, meat on a bone can be offered once baby is comfortable
grains and beans
These are difficult finger foods for young babies.
Instead, opt for carbohydrates from starchy
vegetables & winter squash. Grains/beans can be
puréed for spoon-fed babies, although don’t ‘fill baby
up’ on grains and ensure you leave room for more
nutrient dense foods. Ensure all grains and beans are
soaked for 24 hours before cooking to support
optimal digestion
flavours & seasoning
once unseasoned foods has become familiar, try
adding herbs and spices to help broaden their palate
and encourage adventurous eating–lots of these herbs support digestion–add in spices..more of a culture acceptance/ yet that isn’t true increase these before the “picky” mark
Vegetables
Asparagus, beets, broccoli, carrots, cauliflower,
cucumber, eggplant, leafy greens, mushrooms,
potatoes, spinach, sweet potatoes, turnips,
winter squash, yams, zucchini
combining
species, remember that peel when cooked are harder usually so careful with choking hazards and edible availability
