Class 1 - ANS Flashcards
The sensory receptors of the ANS are…
interoceptors - some from somatic and special senses
Motor output for the ANS comes from…
hypothalamus, limbic system, brain stem & spinal cord
minimal control from cerebral cortex
Somatic motor neurons only release __
ACh
Which autonomic motor neurons release ACh?
Sympathetic & parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to most sweat glands
Which autonomic motor neurons release NE?
Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons (except many of those to sweat glands)
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
What are the 4 parts of the ANS?
- ANS sensory neurons in visceral organs & blood vessels
- integrating centers in CNS: hypothalamus, limbic system
- ANS motor neurons to smooth & cardiac mm & glands
- enteric NS
ANS sensory neuron bodies are located in the…
posterior root ganglion
Can tissues function without ANS control?
to some degree, yes - ANS regulates ONGOING activities by increasing/exciting or inhibiting
What are the integrating centres of the ANS?
hypothalamus & limbic system
This type of ANS neuron is myelinated and secretes ACh - is it pre or post?
preganglionic
This type of ANS neuron is unmyelinated and may secrete either ACh or NE - is it pre or post?
postganglionic
ANS motor neurons that do not extend to an autonomic ganglion instead go to…
chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete…
E & NE into the bloodstream
Chromaffin cells are considered modified…
postganglionic sympathetic neurons
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6341438/
Sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are found in the __ of which spinal segments?
lateral grey horns of the 12 thoracic segments and first 2-3 lumbar segments
AKA T1-L3
Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are found in the…
nuclei of CN III, VII, IX & X
(oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus)
and lateral grey horns of S2-S4
Differentiate cholinergic vs. adrenergic
Cholinergic: uses ACh
Adrenergic: uses NE or E
The paravertebral ganglia are also called the…
sympathetic trunk ganglia or vertebral chain ganglia
The prevertebral ganglia are also called the…
collateral ganglia
What are the 5 major prevertebral ganglia?
celiac superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric aorticorenal renal
Which two sympathetic ganglia are found in the celiac/solar plexus?
celiac & aorticorenal
Which ganglia passes through the hypogastric plexus?
inferior mesenteric ganglia
The parasympathetic ganglia are called the…
terminal or intramural ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia are mostly located ______
close to or within the walls of the organs they supply
Only the 4 terminal ganglia in the head are named: ____, ____, ___, ____. All are intramural.
ciliary ganglion
pterigopalatine ganglion
submandibular ganglion
otic ganglion
There are 4 different ways sympathetic preganglionic neurons may synapse with postganglionic neurons:
- synapsing in the first ganglion it reaches
- ascending or descending before synapsing (forming the sympathetic trunk chain or paravertebral ganglia)
- passing through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing, to synapse in prevertebral ganglion instead
- passing to chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla without synapsing in either sympathetic ganglia (neither para or prevertebral)
Which two plexuses are found in the thorax?
cardiac and pulmonary
The hypogastric plexus is found:
anterior to L5
The largest autonomic plexus of the body is the…
solar plexus
