Class 1 Flashcards
Trends in psychology are…
Away from breadth and depth, AND assessment?
What kind of assessment is the Rorschach?
Personality assessment
Is the Rorschach a researched and valid test?
Abundance of empirical research
Is the Rorscach allowed in court?
Meets Supreme Court Daubert validity standards and is admissible in court.
What kind of task is the Rorscach
Cognitive perceptual task
what is a cognitive perceptual task
More concerned with how you do the task (how you see it) than content (what they see)
he saw inkblots as a perceptual task and that characteristics of the individual showed through in the solutions applied
Why does the Rorscach “work”
The task allows perceptual and verbal problem-solving behavior
Inkblots were artistically created and enhanced, carefully selected, and pilot-tested
SO THAT the inkblots don’t perfectly replicate one thing, but suggest lots of things, so lots of opportunity to see how they see something
AKA: Stimuli are structured to provide multiple suggestive but incomplete or imperfect perceptual likenesses that form competing visual images
By 1960, how many scoring systems and what are they?
5 scoring systems, including empirical and psychoanalytic
- Samuel Beck (empirical)
- Bruno Klopfer (psychoanalytic)
- Marguerite Hertz (empirical)
- Zygmund Piatrowski (psycholoanalytic)
- David Rapaport, Merton Gill, Roy Schafer
By the 1960s, did everyone use a scoring system?
Many used only content interpretation with no system at all
what was John Exner’s goal?
Goal was to compare the “sturdiness and efficacy” of the 5 systems
He believed all the systems had merit if used properly, but the flaws could overshadow the merit
Exner combined various systems using only what could be empirically validate
What year did John Exner publish the first volume of the “The Comprehensive System”
1974
What is the comprehensive system and what did it to for the Rorschach
1974 John Exner published the first volume
Not an x-ray of the mind but rather a procedure that provokes many of the psychological operations of the subject
Returned to a cognitive perceptual test, as Hermann Rorschach had intended it
Made so that we cannot not lay down our inner organization in how we perceive and interpret the world (conditioning history, schema, organizing principles, templates)
Why did the Rorscach resurge
Standardized, empirically validated results brought credibility
Sufficient to meet criteria to be admissible in court
Revisions were been made as studies continued
What are the critiques of the Rorscach
- Lack of good norms
- Overpathologizes
- Low Inter-rater reliability
- lack of relationship to diagnoses
- Lack of incremental validity
- The problem of R
What helps with inter-rater reliability?
Better graduate training
What is the critique on lack of relationship to diagnoses?
BUT Rorschach is not intended to diagnose
Must consider this indicator by indicator, not rule on the method as a whole
Replication is always an issue in research (but is not the focus of most research)
Better training
What is the lack of incremental validity critique?
Depends on the assessment—add it to a protocol wisely
Better training
After the exner system came the……
Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erdberg, Erard
Developed a new system called the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (RPAS) that addresses many of the criticisms
And allows the system to be responsive to new research
Is RPAS nomothetic or idiographic?
nomothetic
Is RPAS or Exner more grounded in empirical research?
RPAS (the most grounded in research system)
When did the RPAS emerge
15ish years ago
What does the RPAS built on
It has emerged over the last 15 years and is built on Exner’s Comprehensive System (largely a subset)
