CLASP Flashcards
What is the target of Herceptin?
Epidermal growth factor receptor
Abnormalities in mismatch repair proteins as seen in Lynch Syndrome can be identified by?
Presence of micro satellite instability
Which of the following is not a common late side effect of radiotherapy;
Indigestion Bladder instability Skin fibrosis Incorrect Faecal urgency Menopause
Indigestion
What is a risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
Plummer Vinson syndrome
Malignant cells classically have?
A high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
Precision/ personalized medicine as it relates to cancer involves
Treatment targeted at specific genetic abnormalities in individual tumours
In relation to prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for what?
Diagnosis and Monitoring
What is human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha feto protein used to monitor?
Tumour markers for germ cell tumours
Small cell carcinoma may result in the excess production of?
ADH
A mutation in a promoter will cause?
Absence of protein
Which tumour is obesity not a risk factor for?
Renal (kidney)
A chest x-ray shows multiple ill-defined round opacities throughout both lung fields. This is most likely to represent…
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
For a potential tumour marker, which characteristic is most important in the diagnosis of malignancy?
Sensitivity
What does Bcl2 do?
Evades apoptosis
Malignancy is defined by?
Tissue invasion
Radiation kills cells through interaction with?
DNA strands
A well circumscribed tumour protruding into the bronchus with a yellow cut surface is most likely to be a…
Carcinoid tumour
p53 causes cell cycle arrest between
G1 and S
Which tumour is most strongly associated with smoking?
Pulmonary small cell carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is most strongly associated with which hepato virus?
Hepatitis C
Which of the following is not a side effect of chemo? Alopecia Confusion Neutropenic fever Diarrhoea Altered taste Incorrect
Confusion
Which of the following is not a type of cytotoxic chemotherapy?
Platinum Alkylating agent Taxane Anthracycline Telomere inhibitor
Telomere inhibitor
Where does lung cancer not metastasise to?
Spleen
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are most commonly located?
centrally within the lung
Which tumour is associated with asbestos exposure?
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
HPV promotes carcinogenesis by?
Direct mutation of p53
Where are cancers in lynch syndrome common?
Ascending colon
Carcinoma originates from?
Epithelium
What is the strongest risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma?
Primary sclerosis cholangitis
Gastric marginal zone lymphomas are most commonly associated with what?
H. pylori
What tumour originates from smooth muscle?
Leiomyoma
Mesothelioma is associated with which type of asbestos fibre?
Amphibole
