CLASP 2 Flashcards
most commonly injured solid organ??
different types of fractures
most common fracture in adults and kids
treatment for intracapsular fracture - displaced and non-displaced
treatment for extracapsular intertrochanteric fracture and subtrochanteric
shortened and externally rotated limb
imaging in acute stroke
non contrast ct scan
ischaemic stroke - earliest CT sign that is visible?
hyperdense segment of a vessel
ischaemic stroke - early findings, within a few hrs
-loss of grey white matter differentiation
-hypo attenuation of deep nuclei, over time this swells up more
-gliosis (scarring of the residual parenchyma) occurs, appearing as a region of low density w volume loss
intra-axial haemorrhage
within the brain substance
acute haematoma
midline shift
extra-axial haemorrhage and its 3 types
outwith the brain parenchyma but inside the skull
subdural - semilunar shape, early dilatation of posterior horn
subarachnoid - hyperdense filling, high attenuation blood, enlarged temporal horns
extradural - trauma, biconvex shape, mass effect (midline shift)
pneumothorax
pleural effusion
consolidation
pneumoperitoneum
tension pneumothorax
dual blood supply to liver
dual blood supply to spleen
staging and scans for LUNG CANCER
lobar collapse - upper, middle lower lobes
intracranial masses - metastases
primary brain tumours
low grade tumour - little mass effect
brain herniation
shift of cerebral tissue from its og location into an adjacent space, due to mass effect
hydrocephalus
clinically, the presence of ___________ herniation is often called CONING
SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION - emergency. What investigation should be performed urgently !!
MRIIII
If the spinal roots below the conus medullaris are involved, it is called _______ _______ syndrome
back pain - red flagsss
loss of sensation, saddle anaesthesia
PULMONARY MASSES AND NODULES
where are central and peripheral venous catheters / lines inserted??
IJV / subclavian
brachial, cephalic, basilic
heart failure - ABCDE
endotracheal tubes vs NG tubes
