CLASP 2

Question 1

most commonly injured solid organ??

Question 2

different types of fractures

Question 3

most common fracture in adults and kids

Question 4

treatment for intracapsular fracture - displaced and non-displaced

Question 5

treatment for extracapsular intertrochanteric fracture and subtrochanteric

Question 6

shortened and externally rotated limb

Question 7

imaging in acute stroke

Answer 7

non contrast ct scan

Question 8

ischaemic stroke - earliest CT sign that is visible?

Answer 8

hyperdense segment of a vessel

Question 9

ischaemic stroke - early findings, within a few hrs

Answer 9

-loss of grey white matter differentiation
-hypo attenuation of deep nuclei, over time this swells up more
-gliosis (scarring of the residual parenchyma) occurs, appearing as a region of low density w volume loss

Question 10

intra-axial haemorrhage

Answer 10

within the brain substance
acute haematoma
midline shift

Question 11

extra-axial haemorrhage and its 3 types

Answer 11

outwith the brain parenchyma but inside the skull
subdural - semilunar shape, early dilatation of posterior horn
subarachnoid - hyperdense filling, high attenuation blood, enlarged temporal horns
extradural - trauma, biconvex shape, mass effect (midline shift)

Question 12

pneumothorax

Question 13

pleural effusion

Question 14

consolidation

Question 15

pneumoperitoneum

Question 16

tension pneumothorax

Question 17

dual blood supply to liver

Question 18

dual blood supply to spleen

Question 19

staging and scans for LUNG CANCER

Question 20

lobar collapse - upper, middle lower lobes

Question 21

intracranial masses - metastases

Question 22

primary brain tumours

Answer 22

low grade tumour - little mass effect

Question 23

brain herniation

Answer 23

shift of cerebral tissue from its og location into an adjacent space, due to mass effect

Question 24

hydrocephalus

Question 25

clinically, the presence of ___________ herniation is often called CONING

Question 26

SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION - emergency. What investigation should be performed urgently !!

Answer 26

MRIIII

Question 27

If the spinal roots below the conus medullaris are involved, it is called _______ _______ syndrome

Question 28

back pain - red flagsss

Answer 28

loss of sensation, saddle anaesthesia

Question 29

PULMONARY MASSES AND NODULES

Question 30

where are central and peripheral venous catheters / lines inserted??

Answer 30

IJV / subclavian
brachial, cephalic, basilic

Question 31

heart failure - ABCDE

Question 32

endotracheal tubes vs NG tubes