anki Flashcards
_________ _________is a cause of hydrocephalus occurring in between the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.
aqueductal stenosis (narrowing)
what malformation is a cause of hydrocephalus that can cause herniation of the cerebellar tonsils. Patients present with cerebellar and midbrain dysfunction.
chiari
most likely cause of CN III, CN IV, CN VI lesion??
aneurysm
trauma
intracranial pressure
2 types of strokes, and what can they be subdivided into??
ischaemic - thrombotic and embolic
TIAs, lacunar
Name that brain herniation
Caused by displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum; presents with neck stiffness, Cheyne-Stokes breathing, and bradycardia, leading to death?
tonsillar
If the ICP is high or there is a tumour, you risk triggering tonsillar herniation (coning) where the brain squeezes like toothpaste through the foramen magnum leading to irreversible coma and death.
Why is everyone so twitchy about getting a CT before doing a lumbar puncture in patients with loss of consciousness, mental state change, or papilloedema?
intracranial pressure
In the brain, the anterior spinal artery branches from the________ arteries.
vertebral
Amaurosis fugax
sudden loss of vision
What is the treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage?
“Yesterday I went down to the shop. I didn’t hop, I walked. But kangaroos hop, don’t they? My friend Joey who went to Australia…” is an example of a which is strongly associated with ______
clang association (flight of ideas)
mania
complete vs partial mole
complete = snowstorm appearance
partial = foetus may be present
Complete hydatidiform mole is a form of molar pregnancy where there is no maternal chromosomal material in the ovum, and either one sperm fertilizes the ovum and replicates its DNA (androgenetic monospermic, 90%) or two sperm fertilize the empty ovum (androgenetic dispermic, 10%).
partial hydatidiform mole is a type of molar pregnancy where an apparently normal ovum with maternal chromosomal material is fertilized by two sperm resulting in triple the normal amount of chromosomal material.
most appropriate tx for endometriosis - medical then surgery
COCP
progesterone
mirena coil
GnRH agonist
myomectomy
ablation
hysterectomy
why is intermenstrual bleeding a red flag in women?? - what does this indicate??
Strongly suggests fibroids, polyps, or endometrial pathology, and indication for hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy
most appropriate tx for fibroids
medical then surgery
Mirena coil (levonorgestrel-releasing)
Can consider combined pill, oral tranexamic acid, or GnRH agonist (leuprorelin) if this is unacceptable or insufficient.
Myomectomy (hyst/lap), ablation, or hysterectomy
PID - tx
IV ceftriaxone, IV metronidazole, oral doxycycline
ofloxacin - 2nd line
