CLA -spoken - The Various Stages Of Phonological Development

Question 1

When does phonemic contraption begin

Answer 1

When our vocabulary expands

Question 2

Phonemic expansion definition

Answer 2

Early developments allow a child to increase the variety of sound produced (showing that children have, at this early stage, the potential to learn any language)

Question 3

Phonemic contraction definition

Answer 3

Then after phonemic expansion, then reduce the sounds to only those they need for their own language

Question 4

What was Alan Cruttenden interested in

Answer 4

Interested in whether the children could understand the effects of intonation

Question 5

Does a child learn vowels or consonants first?why?

Answer 5

Vowels, as a vowel sound is made without closure or audible friction. Whereas a consonant is a speech sound that is produced when the vocal track is either blocked or restricted.

Question 6

Are some sounds more difficult?why?

Answer 6

Digraphs because it is more difficult for air to escape

Question 7

What are the 6 different sounds produced

Answer 7

-plosives
-fricatives
-affricatives
-approximats
-nasals
-laterals

Question 8

Plosives definition

Answer 8

Are created when the airflow is blocked for a brief time (also called “stop consonants”)

Question 9

Fricatives definition

Answer 9

Are created when the airflow is only partially blocked and air moves through the mouth in a steady stream

Question 10

Affricatives definition

Answer 10

Are created by putting plosives and fricatives together

Question 11

Approximats definition

Answer 11

Are similar sounds to vowels

Question 12

Nasals definition

Answer 12

Are produced by moving air through the nose

Question 13

Laterals definition

Answer 13

Are created by placing the tongue on the ridge of the teeth then air moving down the side of the mouth

Question 14

Who states the sequence of how a child’s phonology (sounds) develop

Answer 14

Pamela Grunwell

Question 15

When does she say each sounds type is acquired (plosives…fricatives…)

Answer 15

-plosives- 24 months
-approximats- 30 months
-nasals- 36 months
-laterals- 36 months
-fricatives- 42 months
-affricatives- 48+ months

Question 16

What reasons can you find for the order of easiest sounds to acquire to least easy

Answer 16

They are in this order because plosives require the least amount of air. Affricatives are a combination of fricatives and plosives making it difficult to combine and pronounce.

Question 17

What do stage do vowel sounds provide major sound patterns for

Answer 17

The cooing and laughing stage

Question 18

What is the consonant sound production affected by

Answer 18

-the manner of articulation (how airstream occurs); the plea of airstream (where it occurs); to make sounds we can use our lips, tongue, teeth and the root of our mouth to combine them
-if the sound is voiced or unvoiced (by vibrating or not vibrating the vocal chords)

Question 19

What are the 7 key phonological mistakes

Answer 19

-deletion
-substitution
-addition
-assimilation
-reduplication
-consonant cluster reduction
-deletion of unstressed syllables

Question 20

Deletion definition?example?

Answer 20

Omitting the final consonant in words. E.g. Do(g), cu(p)

Question 21

Substitution definition?example?

Answer 21

Using one sound for another (especially the “harder” sounds that develop later). E.g. “pip” for “ship”

Question 22

Addition definition?example?

Answer 22

Adding an extra vowel sound to the ends of words, creating a CVCV pattern. E.g. doggie

Question 23

Assimilation definition?example?

Answer 23

Changing one consonant or vowel for another nearby sound. Can be in a word or between words. E.g. “gog” for “dog”

Question 24

Reduplciation definition?example?

Answer 24

Repeating a whole syllable. E.g. dada, mama

Question 25

Consonant cluster reduction definition?example?

Answer 25

Combinations of consonants can be difficult to articulate, so children reduce them to smaller units. E.g. “pider” for “spider”

Question 26

Deletion of unstressed syllables definition?example?

Answer 26

Omitting the opening syllable in polysyllabic words. E.g. “nana” for “banana”

Question 27

Who conducted the fis experiment

Answer 27

Berko and Brown

Question 28

What is the fis experiment

Answer 28

B&B found that a child who referred to a plastic inflatable fish as a “fis”, couldn’t link an adults use of “fis” with the same object. (Substituted the “sh” for a “s” sound)

Question 29

Why do you think the child only responded to the adults correct pronounciation of the noun “fish”?

Answer 29

They know what it should sound like but don’t have the ability to produce it. Cognitive understanding is far in advance to produce the ability to create sounds.

Question 30

Who else looks at phonological mistakes (apart from B&B)

Answer 30

Neil Smith

Question 31

What does Neil smith look at (to do with children’s perceptions)

Answer 31

Looks at the way in which children perceive adult speech, process it and then produce their own versions of it. He raises the possibility that it’s not just physical process of being able to say something but a mental process of creating a representation of what is being said.

Question 32

When do children learn the sounds of their language?

Answer 32

The last trimester of pregnancy