CLA - Spoken - Grammatical Development Flashcards
What are the four stages of children’s grammatical development? (In order)
-one word/holophrastic
-two-word
-telegraphic
-post-telegraphic
One word/holophrastic stage definition? And age?
One-word utterance. 12-18 months.
Two-word phase definition?and grammatical constructions? And age?
Tow words combined together create simple syntactical structures. Subject+verb, verb+object. 18-24 months.
Telegraphic stage definition? Grammatical constructions? Age?
Three or more words joined in increasingly complex and accurate orders. Subject + verb + object, Subject + verb + complement, subject + verb + adverbial. 24-36 months.
Post - telegraphic stage definition? Grammatical constructions? age?
Increasing awareness of grammatical rules and irregularities. Saying “runned” instead of “ran”. 36+ months.
What is mean length utterance?
Looking at individual morphemes that children use rather than adding up the number of words. The number of morphemes is then divided by the total number of utterances to find the average length. A higher MLU is taken to indicate a higher level of language proficiency. (Fillers don’t count).
(Two word stage) what is roger browns theory?
His study of two word sentences found that children from all cultures and countries make the same relationship between grammatical concepts.
What are the 10 different meaning relation according to roger brown?short description?
-agent+action= did someone (the doer) perform the action
-agent+affected= does someone do something to an object (done-to)
-entity+attribute= is a person or object described
-action+affected= does an action affect an object
-action+location= does an action occur in a place
-entity+location= is an object located
-possessor+possesion= does an object have a possessor
-nomination= is a person or object labelled
-recurrence= is an event repeated
-negation= is something denied
What are the two rules of picot open grammar?definition? (Two word phrase)
-pivot word class= few in number, but occurring often in a child’s speech
-open word class= a greater number, but occurring less frequently
Which types of words are retained in the telegraphic stage?
Function words are left and Content words are retained.
Who identified three stages of pronoun usage?
Ursula bellugi
What is Ursula Bellugis three stages of pronoun usage?
1) child refers to self by using their name (“I Sam”)
2) child uses pronouns but indiscriminately in subject position in sentence (“I drink juice” or “me like that”)
3) child uses them correctly in subject or object position (“I want that” or “give me that”)
Negation definition
Creating negative forms
What can children do in the post-telegraphic stage?
-combine class structures by using coordinating conjunctions (“and”, “but”) and subordinating conjunctions (“because”, “although”) to make complex and compound sentences
-manipulate verb aspects more accurately, for instance using the passive tense (the car was followed by the lorry)
-construct longer noun phrases (“the two big red busses”)
What is overgeneralisation (morphology)?
Where a child has worked out the rule, that most verbs end in -ed inflection, and applied it incorrectly. Some linguists refer to this overgeneralisation as a virtuos error.
What was Jean Berkos theory?
The 1950s conducted a study into children’s pronunciation and morphological development. She gave children a picture of an imaginary creature and called it a “wug”. She asked them what more than one “wug” would be called.
