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pharmaco > CKD > Flashcards

CKD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the complications of CKD

A

Anaemia, Hypervolemia, HyperK, HypoCa, Hyperphosphataemia, Metabolic acidosis

Hypertension & CVD, Uraemic syndrome, Metabolic acidosis, Anaemia, Pain, Depression, E- imbalances (hyperk, hyperphosphorous, hyperMg), Bone mineral disorder (increased phosphate & PTH disrupt Ca absorption), Malnutrition

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2
Q

Medications targeting the different complications

A
  1. Epoetin Alfa: Anaemia
  2. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate/Sodium zirconium cyclsilicate: Hyperk + metabolic acidosis
  3. CaCo3/Ca acetate/Sevelamer/Lanthanum: HypoCa & Hyperphosphataemia + metabolic acidosis
  4. Calcitriol/Cinacalcet: Hyperparathyroidism/HypoCa + metabolic acidosis
  5. Fruosemide: Hypervolemia
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3
Q

What class is epoetin Alfa

A

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

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4
Q

What class is Sodium polystyrene sulfonate/Sodium zirconium cyclosiliate

A

Potassium binder

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5
Q

What class is CaCO3/Ca acetate/Sevelamer/Lanthanum

A

Ca based phosphate binder

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6
Q

What class is Calcitrol/Cinacalcet

A

Vit D supplement (absorb Ca)

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7
Q

What class is furosemide

A

Loop diuretic

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8
Q

MOA of epoetin Alfa

A

Stimulate erythropoiesis

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9
Q

MOA of sodium polystyrene sulfonate/sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

A

Bind excess K in bowel = K excreted from stool
Capture K in exchange for Ca & Na ion in colon

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10
Q

MOA of CaCO3/Ca acetate/Sevelamer/Lathanium

A

Bind to phosphate that Ca cannot regulate out and excrete out

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11
Q

MOA of Calcitriol/Cinacalcet

A

Active form of vit D3 that elevate plasma Ca = stimulate intestinal Ca uptake & increase reabsorption of Ca in kidney

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12
Q

MOA of furosemide

A

Inhibit luminal Na-K-Cl cotransporter in thick ascending limb of loop of henle = bind to cl transporter - more Na, Cl & K stay in urine

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13
Q

AE of epoetin alfa

A

Fever, insomnia, nausea, diarrhoea, urti, seizure, htn, HF, oedema, cough, stroke

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14
Q

AE of sodium polystyrene sulfonate/sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

A

Oedema, HypoK, Constipation, Abdo pain, Retention of Na, Diarrhoea, Faecal impaction, vomiting, decrease ca & mg, bloating, nausea

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15
Q

AE for CaCO3/Ca acetate/Sevelamer/Lathanum

A

Oedema, Hypophosphate, Constipation, Abdo pain, Bloating

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16
Q

AE of Calcitriol/Cinacalcet

A

High Ca, Mg, Phosphate, increase BUN & creatinine, constipation, bone pain, excessive night time urination, cardiac arrhythmia

17
Q

AE of furosemide

A

Mild hypok, postural hypotension, tinnitus, nausea, diarrhoea, dizziness, fatigue, significant hypok, blood dyscrasia, dehydration, ototoxicity, e- imbalance, circulatory collapse

18
Q

Why furosemide can be used in CKD

A

Only in small doses (stage 4/5). Start with 40-80mg then slowly titrate up by 25%-50% depending on reaction and ECF vol. Once reach effective dose, to use according to clinical needs.

pharmaco (11 decks)

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