Civil War - Foreign intervention

Question 1

When did Caballero become Prime Minister?

Answer 1

early September 1936

Question 2

Who did Caballero appoint to his cabinet when he became Prime Minister?

Answer 2

2 communist ministers in contact with the USSR

Question 3

Who did Franco contact to aid in the civil war?

Answer 3

Hitler and Mussolini through his network of political connections

Question 4

How did Hitler initially help?

Answer 4

provided transport planes to airlift marooned Nationalist forces from Morocco to the mainland

Question 5

How did Mussolini first help?

Answer 5

air cover for ships transporting nationalist troops from morocco to mainland

Question 6

When was a Non-Intervention Pact signed?

Answer 6

August 1936

Question 7

Who signed the Non-Intervention Pact?

Answer 7

27 nations inc. USA, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Soviet Union

Question 8

Who ignored the Non-Intervention Pact?

Answer 8

Germany and Italy, USSR but more secretively/cautiously

Question 9

When did the Soviet Union send military aid first?

Answer 9

October 1936

Question 10

What was the first lot of USSR military aid and what did it cost?

Answer 10

Aircraft, tanks, 500 engineers
50 metric tonnes of gold - 60% of Republics bullion

Question 11

What aid did Germany send in July 1936?

Answer 11

6000 rifles and 5 million bullets

Question 12

What aid did Germany send in November 1936?

Answer 12

Condor legion, 12000 volunteers from the airforce

Question 13

What aid did Italy send?

Answer 13

50,000 men (icl. Italian blackshirts)
food + resources

Question 14

What aid did Italy send in the first three months?

Answer 14

12000 machine guns

Question 15

What was the issue with receiving soviet aid?

Answer 15

equipment = old + poor quality
wanted in exchange for lots of influence in govt

Question 16

what happened to soviet aid as the war went on?

Answer 16

dwindled, only kept war going but no hope of winning

Question 17

Who organised the International Brigades?

Answer 17

cominterm (USSR)

Question 18

When did the International Brigades start arriving?

Answer 18

autumn 1936

Question 19

How many members if the international brigades were there?

Answer 19

35,000 - 40,000

Question 20

How many international brigades were there at once?

Answer 20

16,000

Question 21

Where did the International Brigades come from?

Answer 21

9000 France
3000 USA
2000 Britain

Question 22

What was the problem with IB forces?

Answer 22

not professional soldiers and underequipped

Question 23

how did the IB get into Spain

Answer 23

crossed ‘secret railways’ at the french border

Question 24

What did the Italian blackshirts win?

Answer 24

Feb 1937 took Malaga

Question 25

Where did the Republicans beat the blackshirts?

Answer 25

March 1937 Guadalajara

Question 26

Where did the Condor legion bomb?

Answer 26

Guernica (Basque) with over 40 tonnes of bombs in 3 hours

Question 27

How many people died in the bombing of Guernica?

Answer 27

126-1700 of 7000 population caused international condemnation

Question 28

Which German commander arrived and when?

Answer 28

Lieutenant Colonel Warlimont Sept 1936

Question 29

What did France do?

Answer 29

20 July 1936 agreed to send aircraft and artillery, 9 Aug 1936 backed out, only join if Britain did thought N-I pact would help give R a chance closed borders

Question 30

Why did Britain not intervene?

Answer 30

ideological: anti republican + communist financial: 13.3% of european investment in spain, worried Rep would sieze appeasement - proxy war, did not want to escalate

Question 31

How did Franco pay for the aid?

Answer 31

longterm loans