10 Establishment of the new state under Franco Flashcards
What style of leadership helped Franco dominate?
cult of personality
How did Franco successfully establish government in the Republican areas he took over?
secret police
martial law
banning all political parties other than FET-JONS
use of terror - army and Falangist militia
What did Franco reintroduce in 1938 regarding civilian life?
1889 Civil Code
intended to provide life a framework and stability
- regulated trade transactions
- regulated non-criminal legal matters
re-emphasised gender roles
What did Franco introduce in 1938 regarding the Church?
Clerical Laws
gave Catholic Church increased power
- control over education
- run youth groups
- outlawed non-Christian religions and restricted other sects of Christianity
What did Franco introduce in 1938 regarding censorship?
Press Law
limited what newspapers could publish
government could appoint and dismiss editors and journalists
government could shut down publication without appeal
What was Franco’s role?
Caudillo
(supreme authority)
What did Franco do to the Falange?
significant power for first 2 decades
appointed senior figures to roles within new government
eg. their President Suner (his brother-in-law) made minister of the interior
Falange Youth Movement used to establish support from a young age
Falange organised educational activities, social gatherings and political rallies
How did Franco deal with monarchist demands?
reluctant to relegate his personal achievements
openly ambiguous position
Law of Leadership succession 1947
got into contact with heir to the throne Don Juan
Franco was ‘regent’: appeased those who wanted strong individual leadership
Where did Franco’s ministers come from?
1945: 50% were ex-military
How did Franco maintain repression into the 1940s?
continued White Terror tactics
arrests and imprisonments
no trade unions or political organisations
purged teachers, the military and civil service
How many Republicans had fled to France?
approximately 350,000 by early 1940
What was the Law of Political Responsibilities?
passed February 1939
backdated to 1934
made involvement in radical political activities criminal
carried sentences of long-term imprisonment, exile or execution
How many people were executed as part of the ‘Red’ surpression?
100,000 to 200,000 1939-1943
What did government propaganda films show?
from 1942
Franco’s personal achievements
horrors of the Red Terror
When was homosexuality outlawed?
1954
When had a concordat failed and why?
1948
Church thought it was too selfish of Franco and did not benefit them enough
When was a concordat signed and what did it mean?
1953
special status of Catholicism
degree of approval for Spanish government by Vatican
Franco could appoint Spanish bishops
Franco had to consult Church before policy adoption
