3 Years of Reaction 1933 - 1936 Flashcards
When did CEDA form?
February 1933
What was CEDA?
united conservative forces
led by Gil Robles
supported by Church and landowners
What was CEDA’s first achievement?
successful anti-Republican propaganda campaign
forced Azana to resign and call elections September 1933
What was the outcome of the November 1933 elections?
119 : 354
deputies supporting Republic : CEDA and radical Republicans
CEDA = 115 seats
BUT Lerroux President and majority of the cabinet Republicans
Who was Prime Minister?
Alcala-Zamora
What changes were made to the Agrarian sector?
previous reforms scrapped
Law of Muncial Boundaries 1934:
enhanced powers to landowners to remove peasants
What changes were made for industrial workers?
laws repealed
employment rights and wages fell
trade union power fell
What change was made for Catalonia?
privileges withdrawn
What changes were made to the relationship with the Church?
closer Church-State relations
clerical salaries renewed
religious influence in education reinstated
What was the response of poor workers to the Years of Reaction?
concerned about survival
surge of spontaneous anarchist strikes
What was the unrest in December 1933?
Barcelona-Seville express train derailed
19 killed
How did the Republicans respond to the changes?
January 1934: Socialist Party programme of opposition = radical
- nationalisation
- dissolution of religious orders
- dissolution of Civil Guard and army (to be replaced by democratic militia)
What happened to the government in October 1934?
cabinet reshuffle
CEDA figures joined the Ministerial Office
What did the cabinet reshuffle in October 1934 prompt?
the Asturias Rising
How did the Asturias Rising start?
Early October 1934: nationwide general strike began
organised by trade unions eg. UGT
strike sustained in Asturias region
Why was the Asturias region able to sustain the strike?
coal miners were reasonably well paid
strike was for ideological reasons
strike was planned and well organised
CNT prominent in the region
Who was sent in to end the Asturias Rising?
20,000 government troops sent in under General Franco
army
navy
What did the Asturias Rising initially achieve?
4 October 1936: attacks on Civil Guard
6 October 1936: regional capital Oviedo seized
controlled 80% of region
established local communities
distributed food
moved quickly against enemies:
58 churches burnt, 31 murdered
What happened to get the Asturias Rising to surrender?
2 weeks of brutal fighting
eg. 61 civilians shot outside Oviedo
cities, towns and villages shelled and bombed
2000 insurgents killed
7000 wounded
When did the Asturias Rising surrender?
19 October 1934
What happened after the Asturias Rising surrendered?
army carried on
mass dismissal of trade unionists
socialists imprisoned
What did Gil Robles do after the Asturias Rising?
thought CEDA needed to be more involved
May 1935: promoted to Minister of War
- began rearmament plan
- promoted right wing figures eg. Franco to Chief of General Staff
- army purged of Republican supporters
