7 Life in the Nationalist Zone Flashcards
When was Martial Law imposed?
18 July 1936
What did Martial Law do?
enhanced power of secret police
- violence and executions
tough curfews
harsh criminal sanctions
maintained social stability through terror and repression
When was the Decree of Unification?
19 April 1937
What did the Decree of Unification do?
outlawed all parties except FET-JONS
What did they do against workers?
banned strikes
abolished trade unions
What did the Labour Charter of 1938 do?
provided state alternatives to trade unions
- far less freedom
- increased power of factory owners
What did they do against Agrarian workers?
abolished land reforms
returned land to landowners
work was harsh and unrelenting
What happened to food?
local government, industry and agriculture was disrupted
BUT less shortages than the Republicans
- disciplined wartime regime
- less air raids
What happened to the Church?
position reinstated
religious festivities used to raise morale
What did the revival of the Church mean for women?
strict views on marriage and divorce imposed
What was imposed for women in September 1936?
divorce and civil marriage outlawed
separate education for girls
expected to maintain the home
dress plainly and conservatively - modern fashion (trousers, makeup) scorned
What did the right wing parties establish for women?
women’s sections
role limited to charity work and food production
What was the Falange women’s section?
Seccion Femenina
What was the Carlist women’s section?
Carlist Margaritas
What was imposed for women in October 1937?
required to support the war
- youth centres
- public canteens
- health services
What was imposed for women in March 1938?
Labour Charter’s ambition was to ‘liberate’ married women from workshops and factories (exclude them from paid work)
What happened with prostitution?
concerning growth in prostitution
especially because sex outside marriage was banned
growth because:
- widows and absence of government welfare
- travelling soldiers
What was the White Terror?
deliberate policy
to remove political enemies and control the population
a ‘clean up operation’ against moral ‘evils’
How many people died in the White Terror?
over 200,000
What happened when the Nationalists took a population centre?
bodies left in the streets, heaped together in a cemetery and burned
What happened with the White Terror in Malaga?
4000 killed February 1937
What happened with the White Terror in Teruel?
1000 people killed for being critical of the Nationalists
What happened with the White Terror in Extremadura?
1800 peasants slaughtered and land returned to owners
bodies left in fields as an example
What happened with the White Terror in Pamplona?
mass execution following the annual celebration of the Virgin Mary
= bloody sacrifice necessary to win God’s favour
