1 Military Dictatorship to Republic

Question 1

Where were monarchs supposed to get their powers from?

Answer 1

God
‘divine right’

Question 2

Which monarch lost power in the military coup?

Answer 2

King Alfonso XIII

Question 3

What was wrong with Alfonso XIII’s rule?

Answer 3

corruption
military weakness
social unrest

Question 4

When was the military coup and what was it like?

Answer 4

September 1923
bloodless

Question 5

Who took over Spain after the military coup?

Answer 5

General Primo de Rivera

Question 6

What was Spain like under Primo de Rivera?

Answer 6

social unrest
Great Depression
did not deal with socio-economic problems
weak/unclear leadership
lacked legitimacy

Question 7

How long did Primo de Rivera initially pledge to hold power for?

Answer 7

90 days

Question 8

When did Primo de Rivera resign and why?

Answer 8

January 1930
pressure from Republican opponents

Question 9

What political view was prominent among Republicans?

Answer 9

socialism

Question 10

What political view was prominent amongst the CNT?

Answer 10

anarchism and syndicalism

Question 11

What is anarchism?

Answer 11

‘stateless society’
citizens behave voluntarily
not under control of a ‘repressive’ government

Question 12

What is syndicalism?

Answer 12

anticapitalist uprising
business and industry controlled by ‘syndicates’ of workers

Question 13

What did anarcho-syndicalism advocate for?

Answer 13

radical revolution
used strikes and protests

Question 14

What did Spanish socialism look like?

Answer 14

more moderate - wanted reform rather than revolution

Question 15

What were the CNT and UGT?

Answer 15

trade unions

Question 16

When and by who was the CNT established?

Answer 16

1910
anarchist supporters

Question 17

When was the UGT founded?

Answer 17

1888

Question 18

What political view was prominent amongst the UGT?

Answer 18

more moderate socialism

Question 19

Why did the April 1931 general elections happen?

Answer 19

growing Republicans forced deteriorating government to

Question 20

How long had it been since the last democratic elections?

Answer 20

almost 60 years

Question 21

What was the outcome of the April 1931 elections?

Answer 21

landslide republican victory
especially in urban areas and with working classes

Question 22

When was the Second Spanish Republic proclaimed?

Answer 22

4 April 1931

Question 23

What was the new regime hailed as?

Answer 23

La Nina Bonita
- the beautiful girl

Question 24

What happened to the monarchy?

Answer 24

abolished and exiled
BUT they were still prominent opposition to the Republic

Question 25

How did the military react to the elections and why?

Answer 25

respect the verdict disillusioned with monarchical rule unwilling to defend previous regime

Question 26

Who was the first prime minister?

Answer 26

Alcala-Zamora

Question 27

How many different political parties were there initially?

Answer 27

26

Question 28

Who was the PSOE?

Answer 28

Spanish Socialist Party led by Caballero radical change to benefit workers

Question 29

Who was the Republican Action Party?

Answer 29

led by Azana moderate left, anti-clerical

Question 30

Who was the Radical Republican Party?

Answer 30

led by Lerroux mostly middle class central despite name opposed to monarchy

Question 31

Who were the Conservatives?

Answer 31

key figure Alcala-Zamora limited strength 1931-33 supported by monarchy, military and large landowners some opposed Republic

Question 32

When was the constitution introduced?

Answer 32

December 1931

Question 33

What did the constitution prioritise?

Answer 33

secular education free speech disestablishment of Catholic Church freedom of religion preserving regional powers and autonomy legalising divorce

Question 34

When did women get the right to vote?

Answer 34

1933

Question 35

By the end of 1931, what had happened to the government?

Answer 35

conservatives and radical Republicans had left

Question 36

What groups opposed the Second Republic?

Answer 36

aristocracy, landowners, industrialists Roman Catholic Church senior military officers

Question 37

Why did the aristocracy, landowners, industrialists oppose the Second Republic?

Answer 37

prospect of punitive taxation, land seizure, nationalisation attack on privilege and affluence not enough done for rural hardships (longstanding poverty)

Question 38

Why did the Catholic Church oppose the Second Republic?

Answer 38

controlled 1/3 of country's wealth May 1931 - head of Spanish Catholic Church expelled from Spain alarmed by anticlericalism - constitution, burning religious building Jan 1932 - over 100,000 ultra-Catholic Jesuits expelled

Question 39

Why did the senior military officers oppose the Second Republic?

Answer 39

15,000 officers usually aristocratic and powerful 1/4 of country's annual budget used to fund army - mostly went to officers pay lack of role abroad: turned inwards - protecting Catholic values and from communism

Question 40

What economic issues did the Second Republic have to deal with?

Answer 40

Great Depression - unemployment - poverty - poor international trading weak infrastructure large budget deficit

Question 41

What was rural life like?

Answer 41

lived off the land - constant struggle south: farming on latifundia (vast estates owned by rich merchants only concerned about profit)

Question 42

Where was industrial development happening?

Answer 42

north and north-east coal mining in Asturias province textiles and foreign trade in Catalonia

Question 43

What was it like in towns and cities?

Answer 43

working and living conditions poor wages low no social care sanitation, street lighting and schools barely existed

Question 44

Which regions wanted independence?

Answer 44

Basque County and Catalonia