civil war Flashcards
Who were the royalists in the 1st civil war?
Charles 1 and royal army - not coordinated (charles indescive)
Earl of newcastle + prince rupert - lost battle at marston moor 1644
What was the solemn league and covenant?
Military religious and political alliance between parliament and scottish covanters (Presbytarian/protestant) formed in 1643
Reasons for royalist defeat in England , 1642-46
Poorer
Lack of Popular Support
Charles invasion of scotland in 1640 meant he had to fight them aswell as parliament (Solemn league)
2 key battles Charles lost that meant he lost the first civil war
Battle of Naseby (1645)
Marston Moor (1644)
BIG LOSS OF TERRITORY AND PEOPLE
What was the New Model Army
In 1645 parliament undertook political and military restructing. Soldiers were strongly motivated by the puritan religion to fight in the war - better trained.
What happened after the first civil war?
Charles was still in strong position despite losing civil war.
Scottish covenants expected parliament radicals to implement presybartariansm in england for 3 years - they didnt disputes within parlimenbt.
Newcastle propsitions,
july 1646
Scottish proposed plan to charles - wanted religious reforms
trineal act to remain.
Charles stalled - wanted to play to the divisions within parliament.
Windsor prayer meeting
New model army prayed before going in battle - believed god was guiding them - debated regicide for first time.
who were the levellers and diggers and 5 monarchists?
Levellers = middle class radicals/soldiers within the NMA sought to extend voting rights, freedom of speech etc (FORWARD THINKING)
Diggers = radical wanted communal settlements - socialsist FARMERS
5 monarchists = millerieain jesus christ coming back. very religous. nutcases.
all shut down by NMA - too radical.
What was prides purge?
A vote in parliament whether to negoatiate with Charles - the ones that voted to negoitage were removed by the army and taken to a nearby pub called HELL.
Who was Henry Irtean?
Military leader - NMA leader alongside others.
SKILLED LEADER FAIRFAX CROMWELL SECOND HAND MAN CRUCIAL ROLE IN BATTLES. military genius.
CRITIC OF LEVELER MOVEMENT.
Wanted settlement with king.
