1603 - 1629 Flashcards
When did James become King of England?
1603
When was the Millernary petition presented to James
1603
Puritan request of further reformation like abolition of cross
When was the Hampton Court Conference?
1604 - meeting to discuss millernary petition. James firmly asserted he would maintain royal authority over church. He announced King James Bible here.
Bancroft becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
1604 - Bancrofts canons created which upheld non puritan practices - angered them.
Treaty of London ends war with Spain?
1604
Gunpowder plot?
1605 - The plot strengthened James I’s authority by portraying him as divinely protected and deepened anti-Catholic sentiment
Oath of allegiance?
1606 - After the Gunpowder Plot, King James could have seriously repressed the Catholics in England - this would have pleased parliament. However, he took a more “rex pacificus” route and instead required Catholics to swear allegiance to the King over the Pope. It did not demand complete renunciation of Catholic beliefs and was targeted at loyalty rather than religious persecution.
Failure of James to unify England and Scotland
1606 - He proposed a new currency called “unite” both English MPs resisted fearing it would weaken English law and institution and Scots feared losing identity.
Cecil appointed Lord Treasurer
1608 - Crown was in £600,000 debt, Cecil sought to pursue fiscal surplus and capitalise on Bates Case.
Bates Case?
1606 - This was a legal dispute that reinforced James I’s power to impose impositions (custom duties) without Parliament’s consent when courts ruled in his favour over a merchant (Bates).
Book of bounty?
1608 - Drafted by Cecil it aimed to curb royal genoristy and control crown land grants instead encouraging the king to reward supporters with titles or monopolies instead of land (things that wouldn’t be as damaging to long term crown income), however this failed).
James I bible -
1611 - By commissioning the translation, James reinforced his image as a protector of Protestantism and solidified his divine authority
New book of Rates?
1608 - The new book of rates was created by Cecil and capitalised on the ruling of the Bates case in 1606 it created a new list of 1400 items which the king could levy tax on.
Great contract?
1610 - The plan was intended to provide stable income for the Crown while reducing dependence on parliamentary subsidies. However, the proposal failed due to opposition from both Parliament, who felt they were giving up too much control, and from James I, who was unwilling to relinquish certain powers. The failure of the Great Contract left James with ongoing financial difficulties and further strained relations between the Crown and Parliament. At the same time - MPs were clashing over the king with impositions from the New book of Rates
When was James first parliament?
1603 - 1610 — dissolved by James after the failure of the Great contract.
Abbot becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
1611 - A Calvinist, he was known for his strong Protestant beliefs and anti-Catholic stance, but he had a sense of Puritan instinct. Unlike his predecessor Richard Bancroft, Abbot was more lenient toward Puritans, which created tensions with the more moderate Anglican clergy
When does James start selling Barontocracies to help his finance problem,
1611 - £1,095
When does Prince Henry die
1612
When does Elizabeth and Frederick V marry?
1613 - Elizabeth’s marriage to Frederick V, who later became the King of Bohemia in 1619, set the stage for the Thirty Years’ War, as Frederick’s acceptance of the Bohemian crown sparked conflict with Catholic powers in Europe
When did James second parliament start and end?
1614 - Addled parliament - clashed over impositions / import duties. - cecil was dead - howard faction (catholics in parliament) Robert Carr (favourite) and spanish marriage.
Cockayne Project
1614 - 1617
The Cockayne Project (1614-1617) was an attempt by Sir Paul Cockayne, supported by James I, to establish a domestic woolen cloth industry in England by requiring the processing of wool in England before export. The goal was to boost the economy, create jobs, and increase tax revenue by selling finished cloth rather than raw wool. However, the project faced strong opposition from merchants, the Dutch wool trade, and English manufacturers
When was James I original favourite Carr convicted of murder and Buckingham emerges as new favouirte?
1616
Outbreak of the 30 years war in Europe
1618
The General Assembly of the Scottish Kirk reluctantly accepts the Five Articles of Perth
1618 - a set of religious reforms imposed by James I on the Scottish Kirk to bring it closer in practice to the Church of England. James forced them to accept but did not enforce strictly unlike Charles.
Book of sports released?
1618
Buckingham appointed Lord High Admiral?
1618
Elector Palatine Frederick suffers crushing defeated at the Battle of the White Mountain (Prague)
1620 - Frederick was crushed by Spanish catholic forces a and went into hiding. English Protestants and Parliament demanded James take action to defend the Protestant cause, but James was reluctant to commit to war.
Instead he pursued the Spanish Match
Elector Palatine Frederick crowned King of Bohemia
1619
Spanish match phases?
1614 - 1623
* Ramped up after Battle of the white mountain - diplomatic response from James
* By 1621 parliament pressured James to take a harder stance on Catholicsm. MPs issued a protestation declaring their right to discuss foreign policy - james furiously tore it out the commons record and dissolved parliament
* Madrid trip by Charles and Buckingham in 1623 - treated horribly and were demanded to convert to Catholicsm - this turned them against Spain leading to the collapse of the Spanish Match.
* By 1624, James finally allowed England to prepare for war against Spain, but he died in 1625 before full-scale conflict began
Lionel Cranfield appointed Lord Treasurer
1621
James third parliament
1621 - James implied that MPs could discuss foreign policy as a way to frighten the Spanish into the Spanish Match as parliament were very anti spanish and would call for war against Spain.
They produced a petition criticising the Spanish Match and in retaliation James backtracked and banned discussion of Foreign Policy. Parliament in return protested and declared it was their undoubted birthright to discuss matters such as foreign policy. James was angered by this and used his prerogative to rip the document from the Common’s journal and dissolved parliament.
When was the Madrid trip?
1623
When was the monopolies act?
1624 — England was not trading well with its partners and monopolies had been singularly exploited by many courtiers — where the Crown’s monopolies were restricted and regulated by parliament
When was James’ last parliament?
1624 - In 1624, James was ill and Prince Charles and Buckingham were deeply involved in foreign policy — James faced pressure from both Parliament and his son, Charles, to go to war with Spain.
James appeared to support a more aggressive stance to push MPs into realizing that funding a costly war would not be in their financial interests (a great example of James’ ability to manipulate the political nation)
When was Montagu’s Appeal Caesarum
1625 – It was a highly controversial work that defended Arminianism (a more Catholic-leaning form of Protestantism) against the Puritan criticisms and opposition of the time. Montagu argued that the King (James I) had the right to determine religious doctrine in the Church of England, and that bishops and clergy should follow the monarch’s authority, even if it meant adopting practices or beliefs seen as too Catholic.
It provoked a strong backlash from Puritans, who were already in opposition to the increasing Arminian influence in the Church of England under James I and later Charles I.
Transition into religious problems of the Charles Era
When does Charles marry Henrietta Maria of France
1625
When was buckinghams unsuccessful expedition to Cadiz?
Buckingham’s unsuccessful expedition to Cadiz 1625
When was the Forced Loan?
1626 - Charles decided to bypass Parliament’s control over taxation and ordered wealthy subjects to lend money to the crown
When was the York House Conference?
1626 - theological debate held at the London home of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, to discuss the growing tensions between Puritans and Arminians within the Church of England
Puritans aimed to persuade Charles to move away from the anti - Calvinism of Arminians but Buckingham reinforced his political power by siding with Laud
When was La Rochelle
1627
When was the Five Knights’ Case
1627 - 5 knights who were imprisoned without trial after refusing to pay forced loan went to court - ruled in royal favour strenghting kings prerogative powers.
The commons found out Charles had faked the judgement in the case records - this made their opposition to the king bitter
When was the Petition of Right
1628
This was a significant constitutional document presented to King Charles I by Parliament, seeking to limit the king’s powers and protect individual liberties like imprisonment without trial.
Charles agreed because he was desperate for finance after his two failed involvements in Cadiz and La Rochelle - he did not fully comply with the terms.
What were the two treaties ending war with spain and france ?
Susa - 1629
Madrid - 1630
When were the three resolutions?
1629
Just as the speaker was about to dissolve parliament by royal order, two radical MPs held him down until the three resolutions were passed. The resolutions condemned Arminianism, seen as a Catholic influence in the Church of England, and rejected the king’s right to collect tonnage and poundage (customs duties) without Parliament’s consent.
this led to charles dissolving parliament.
