Charles / PR Flashcards
m
3 key components of the structure of the PR?
CHIEFS ADVISORS
THE PRIVY COUNCIL
THE PREROGATIVE COURTS
Who were Charles 2 chief advisrors and what did they do?
Sir Thomas Wentworth - thorough policy more financial
William Laud - promoted to Bishop of LDN in 1628 - Laudianism
What was the policy of Thorough
This policy aimed to consolidate authority and strengthen royal control over England and its territories eliminating any need for Parliament. This involved the centralisation of power, reformation of legal systems and religious conformity which caused heightened tension across the Puritans (a group who wanted to simplify the Church of England), powerful members of the gentry and most importantly Parliament as this policy and period of reign was essentially bypassing any power they had
What was the book of orders?
(1632)
It was distributed to the ‘Justices of the Peace’ (JPs) by Charles, and it increased Charles’ governmental
control (as local affairs had previously all largely been handled by local gentry).
Demanded more from the elite - contributing to his downfall.
4 finances he relied on during his PR.
Custom duties - tonnage and poundage (Despite the 1625 Parliament refusing to grant it to Charles for longer than a year)
Forest Fines - levied fines on landowners claiming they had encroached on royal forest.
“distraint of knighthood” fining anyone who made lots of money off their lands who he hadnt given a title to.
Ship money - initally forced on coastal towns however he extended to inland regions - usually used in times of war - he claimed it was to impress the spanish and up his position in negoations for the palinate back from them.
OPPOSITION TO SHIP MONEY:
The Hampden Case 1637
John hampden had previously been imprisoned for imposing the forced loan of 1626 while he lost the legal battle it garned a lot of atteniton and built the anger around charles.
WHen was William Laud made archbishop of canterbury
1633
What was the emergence of millernariansim?
The belief ion the end of the world (judgement day) as a reaction acgainst laudianism some took a view that this was the start of judgement day.
High levels of emigration to the US
Opposition to Laudianism
ST gregory case 1633
physically challed moving their altar. - laud wanted on east wall they refused.
Why their was oppostion to laudianism
Calvinsit and puritnans alike united against it - UPSET JACOBEAN BALANCE - “the beauty of holiness” make churches nicer.
Irish rebellion
1641–
After Charles recalled Thomas Wentworth ( who was ruling oppresively on catholics in ireland on Charles behalf) Presybatarians (scottish protestants) were a majority and so they overthrough them killing 3000 in ulster with the absence of Crown authority.
Hampden case
1637
Charles took John Hampden a important member of the gentry to court beacuse he wasnt paying ship money hoping hampdens prosecution would make charles authoirty more obeyed however it simply garned more momenutem around the uprising against charles.
Bishops wars
1639 – 1640
Scots didnt like laudianism - anglican book to be used in scotland was trigger point.
made charles financially broke and force him to call parliament.
Who were the covanters?
Scottish protestants (presybatriansim) who fought against charles in the bishops war.
