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A level History > Civil Rights - African Americans > Flashcards

Civil Rights - African Americans Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Emancipation Proclamation 1863?

A

Ended slavery in union control

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2
Q

What was the 13th Ammendment?

A
  • Wrote Emancipation into the Proclamation

- 4 Million AA became free

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3
Q

Conditions of Ex-Slaves?

A
  • Really Unequal
  • Could move from Plantation
  • No resources
  • Hostility of White People
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4
Q

How did Sharecropping help Slavery?

A
  • They could work on the land for a small share of the profit
  • No punishment
  • Long Working hours and Little Reward
  • Continued to face discrimination
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5
Q

Ways black lives improved Politically after the Civil War?

A
  • Freedmen’s Bureau
  • 14th and 15th Amendment
  • Civil Rights Act
  • First Reconstruction Act
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6
Q

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau

A
  • Promoted Welfare and Education

- Helped AA build small businesses

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7
Q

What was the 14th and 15th Amendments?

A

-Outlawed discrimination to the Constitution

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8
Q

What was the Civil Rights Act in 1866?

A

-Giving Legal Equality

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9
Q

What was the First Reconstruction Act in 1867?

A

-Guranteed a right to vote and create Southern Constitutions

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10
Q

Southern Whites reaction to the improvement of AA’s treatment?

A
  • Extremely hostile
  • Joining of Organisations(KKK)
  • Some got terrorised by Lynching and Murdering
  • Over 2000 deaths
  • US government had to deploy troops to stop treatment
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11
Q

Examples of Important AA trying to gain rights?

A
  • Booker T. Washington
  • W.E.B Du Bois
  • Marcus Garvey
  • Philip Randolph
  • Martin Luther King
  • Malcolm X and the Black Panthers
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12
Q

Booker T. Washington (1865-1915)

A
  • Famous for gaining confidence of Whites
  • Stressed importance of AA relying on own efforts
  • Wanted AA to become Educated
  • 1881 - Tuskegee Institute - train teachers
  • 1901 - National Business League - encourage economic enterprise
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13
Q

W.E.B Du Bois (1868-1913)

A
  • AA elite - ‘Talented Tenth’ would spearhead a movement
  • Developed the NAACP 1909 - advancement for colored people
  • Led marches and campaigns for equal civil and political rights
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14
Q

Marcus Garvey (1887-1940)

A
  • Accepted need for Economic Enterprise
  • Didn’t follow Du Bois in achieving Equality
  • He wanted an AA community
  • Pan Africanism
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15
Q

Martin Luther King (1890-1979)

A
  • Tactics of Marching and mass Protests
  • Used non violent approach
  • Used Publicity and image effectively
  • SCLC
  • ‘I have a dream speech’
  • Assassinated in 1968
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16
Q

Malcolm X and the Black Panthers (1925-65)

A
  • Worked with NOI to promote African Heritage
  • Powerful and Influential Leader
  • Blank Panther Party (1966) self defence
  • Called for equality and armed resistance
  • Assassinated in 1965
17
Q

3 Elements of US government?

A
  • President
  • Congress
  • Supreme Court
18
Q

Woodrow Wilson views on African Americans?

A
  • Did little for civil rights

- Praised Ku Klux Klan

19
Q

Roosevelt views on African Americans?

A

-Did not pass specific Civil Rights act
-Some parts of New Deal (1930s) helped AA
Eg:
-CCC
-FERA
-PWA
-However in work camps there was still discrimination
-Ended Discrimination in War industries

20
Q

Truman views on African Americans?

A
  • Issued executive order against segregation in armed forces
  • Appointed committee on civil rights
  • Urged Congress to pass civil rights act
21
Q

Eisenhower views on African Americans?

A
  • Created a Civil Rights Act meaning AA could vote

- Also sent troops to enforce a Supreme Court ruling on desegregation due to Little Rock in 1957

22
Q

JFK views on African Americans?

A
  • Spoke clearly against the harsh treatment and discrimination
  • Had a civil rights act put into place however got assassinated in 1963
  • It was prevented from passing due to White Southerners
23
Q

LBJ views on African Americans?

A
  • Passed Civil rights Act 1964/65
  • 24th Amendment, 1964
  • No more restrictions on voting
  • Discrimination in public places illegal
  • First African American Supreme Court Justice (Marshall)
24
Q

Nixon views on Richard Nixon?

A
  • Extended Affirmative Action to promote wider equality
  • All employers with federal contracts were required to draft policies showing pro AA
  • Act of 1972 - extending equal employment

A level History (21 decks)

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