Civil Rights - African Americans Flashcards
What was the Emancipation Proclamation 1863?
Ended slavery in union control
What was the 13th Ammendment?
- Wrote Emancipation into the Proclamation
- 4 Million AA became free
Conditions of Ex-Slaves?
- Really Unequal
- Could move from Plantation
- No resources
- Hostility of White People
How did Sharecropping help Slavery?
- They could work on the land for a small share of the profit
- No punishment
- Long Working hours and Little Reward
- Continued to face discrimination
Ways black lives improved Politically after the Civil War?
- Freedmen’s Bureau
- 14th and 15th Amendment
- Civil Rights Act
- First Reconstruction Act
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau
- Promoted Welfare and Education
- Helped AA build small businesses
What was the 14th and 15th Amendments?
-Outlawed discrimination to the Constitution
What was the Civil Rights Act in 1866?
-Giving Legal Equality
What was the First Reconstruction Act in 1867?
-Guranteed a right to vote and create Southern Constitutions
Southern Whites reaction to the improvement of AA’s treatment?
- Extremely hostile
- Joining of Organisations(KKK)
- Some got terrorised by Lynching and Murdering
- Over 2000 deaths
- US government had to deploy troops to stop treatment
Examples of Important AA trying to gain rights?
- Booker T. Washington
- W.E.B Du Bois
- Marcus Garvey
- Philip Randolph
- Martin Luther King
- Malcolm X and the Black Panthers
Booker T. Washington (1865-1915)
- Famous for gaining confidence of Whites
- Stressed importance of AA relying on own efforts
- Wanted AA to become Educated
- 1881 - Tuskegee Institute - train teachers
- 1901 - National Business League - encourage economic enterprise
W.E.B Du Bois (1868-1913)
- AA elite - ‘Talented Tenth’ would spearhead a movement
- Developed the NAACP 1909 - advancement for colored people
- Led marches and campaigns for equal civil and political rights
Marcus Garvey (1887-1940)
- Accepted need for Economic Enterprise
- Didn’t follow Du Bois in achieving Equality
- He wanted an AA community
- Pan Africanism
Martin Luther King (1890-1979)
- Tactics of Marching and mass Protests
- Used non violent approach
- Used Publicity and image effectively
- SCLC
- ‘I have a dream speech’
- Assassinated in 1968
Malcolm X and the Black Panthers (1925-65)
- Worked with NOI to promote African Heritage
- Powerful and Influential Leader
- Blank Panther Party (1966) self defence
- Called for equality and armed resistance
- Assassinated in 1965
3 Elements of US government?
- President
- Congress
- Supreme Court
Woodrow Wilson views on African Americans?
- Did little for civil rights
- Praised Ku Klux Klan
Roosevelt views on African Americans?
-Did not pass specific Civil Rights act
-Some parts of New Deal (1930s) helped AA
Eg:
-CCC
-FERA
-PWA
-However in work camps there was still discrimination
-Ended Discrimination in War industries
Truman views on African Americans?
- Issued executive order against segregation in armed forces
- Appointed committee on civil rights
- Urged Congress to pass civil rights act
Eisenhower views on African Americans?
- Created a Civil Rights Act meaning AA could vote
- Also sent troops to enforce a Supreme Court ruling on desegregation due to Little Rock in 1957
JFK views on African Americans?
- Spoke clearly against the harsh treatment and discrimination
- Had a civil rights act put into place however got assassinated in 1963
- It was prevented from passing due to White Southerners
LBJ views on African Americans?
- Passed Civil rights Act 1964/65
- 24th Amendment, 1964
- No more restrictions on voting
- Discrimination in public places illegal
- First African American Supreme Court Justice (Marshall)
Nixon views on Richard Nixon?
- Extended Affirmative Action to promote wider equality
- All employers with federal contracts were required to draft policies showing pro AA
- Act of 1972 - extending equal employment
