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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > CIULLA_NONPROTEIN NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS > Flashcards

CIULLA_NONPROTEIN NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS Flashcards

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1
Q

major nitrogen-containing compound in the blood

A

Urea

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2
Q

urea is synthesized in the _____.

A

liver

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3
Q

urea is a result of protein (catabolism/anabolism).

A

catabolism

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4
Q

urea is excreted via the _____.

A

kidneys

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5
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

renal failure

A

INC

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6
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

glomerular nephritis

A

INC

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7
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

UTI

A

INC

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8
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

congestive heart failure

A

INC

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9
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

dehydration

A

INC

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10
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

increased protein catabolism

A

INC

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11
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

severe liver disease

A

DEC

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12
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

vomiting

A

DEC

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13
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED SERUM UREA:

diarrhea

A

DEC

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14
Q

an older term used for urea; terminology based on previous methodology where nitrogen was measured

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

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15
Q

BUN to Urea conversion factor

A

2.14

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16
Q

BUN was based on methodology by measurement of what substance/element?

A

nitrogen

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17
Q

Urea reference range

A

6-20 mg/dL

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18
Q

urea can be measured by what methods?

A

Kinetic

Chemical

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19
Q

a waste product of muscle contraction from phosphocreatine

A

creatinine

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20
Q

Creatinine is a waste product of muscle contraction from ____.

A

phosphocreatine

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21
Q

T/F:

Creatinine levels are not changed by diet or rate of urine flow

A

TRUE

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22
Q

T/F:

Creatinine is reabsorbed by renal tubules.

A

FALSE

not reabsorbed.

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23
Q

Increased serum creatinine indicates ____________.

A

renal failure

renal disease

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24
Q

a test method for creatinine which utilizes picric acid

A

jaffe method

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25
Q

Product of Jaffe method

A

creatinine picrate

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26
Q

enzymes used in order for enzymatic determination of creatinine

A

creatinase
creatinase
sarcosine oxidase
peroxidase

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27
Q

Creatinine reference range

A

Male, 0.9-1.3 mg/dL

Female, 0.6-1.1 mg/dL

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28
Q

Creatinine clearance is used to assess ______.

A

GFR

29
Q

required samples for creatinine clearance

A

plasma

24-hr urine

30
Q

average body surface used in creatinine clearance formula

A

1.73 m2

31
Q

Creatinine clearance formula

A

[(UxV)/P] x [1.73 m2 / SA]

32
Q

T/F:

Creatinine reference range differ according to age and sex

A

TRUE

33
Q

Creatinine values (increase/decrease) with age

A

decrease

34
Q

CrCl reference range in males

A

105 +/- 20 mL/min/1.73 m2

35
Q

CrCl reference range in females

A

95 +/- 20 mL/min/1.73 m2

36
Q

uses only a blood
creatinine and the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease)
formula.

A

eGFR

37
Q

T/F:

Correction for gender and race are required when solving eGFR

A

TRUE

38
Q

When are eGFR results reported as numbers?

A

If <60 mL/min/1.73 m2

39
Q

considered the major waste product of purine

A

uric acid

40
Q

uric acid is synthesized in the ____.

A

liver

41
Q

excretion methods of uric acid

A

majority by the kidneys (via glomerular filtration)

GI tract

42
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

gout

A

INC

43
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

renal disorders

A

INC

44
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

treatment of myeloproliferative disorders

A

INC

45
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

lead poisoning

A

INC

46
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

lactic acidosis

A

INC

47
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

toxemia of pregnancy

A

INC

48
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

A

INC

49
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

sever liver disease

A

DEC

50
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

tubular reabsorption disorders

A

DEC

51
Q

INCREASED/DECREASED URIC ACID:

drug induced

A

DEC

52
Q

test methodologies for uric acid

A

chemical

enzymatic uricase method

53
Q

In enzymatic uricase method for uric acid, decrease in absorbance is monitored at ____ nm.

A

293

54
Q

Uric acid reference range

A

Male, 3.5-7.2 mg/dL

Female, 2.6-6.0 mg/dL

55
Q

ammonia is produced from ________.

A

deamination of amino acids

56
Q

Ammonia is converted to _______ before excretion.

A

Urea

57
Q

Converting of ammonia to urea is done by _______.

A

hepatocytes

58
Q

T/F:

Ammonia is neurotoxic.

A

TRUE

59
Q

With severe liver cell malfunction, blood levels of ammonia (decrease/increase).

A

increase

60
Q

important storage manner for ammonia specimens

A

place on ice

61
Q

specimen for ammonia determination

A

venous blood (free of hemolysis)

62
Q

Tube used for ammonia determination

A

EDTA

Green top

63
Q

In ammonia determination, sample must be centrifuged within ______ of collection.

A

20 minutes

64
Q

Plasma stability in ice bath

A

3 1/2 hrs

65
Q

Plasma stability when frozen?

A

Stable up to several days

66
Q

Disorders where increased plasma ammonia levels are seen

A

hepatic failure

Reye syndrome

67
Q

Interferences in ammonia determination

A

Incorrect handling of blood sample

Ammonia contamination

68
Q

Ammonia reference range

A

11-32 umol/L

69
Q

Ammonia test methodology

A

a-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NADPH —(glutamate dehydrogenase)— glutamate + NADP+ + H2O

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (8 decks)

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