Citric Acid Components

Question 1

How does the citric acid cycle generate energy?

Answer 1

Oxidation of Acetyl CoA

Question 2

How much energy is yielded from Glycolysis?

Answer 2

2 ATP

2 NADH

Question 3

How many H+ ions are released with each glucose molecule?

Answer 3

20 tied to NADH); 4 during glycolysis, 4 during Pyruvate oxidation; 16 during citric acid cycle

Question 4

What is the only part of glucose metabolism that uses atmospheric oxygen?

Answer 4

Electron Transport Chain

Question 5

Does the glycolysis stage require oxygen?

Answer 5

does NOT require oxygen, albeit inefficient and low yield of energy)

Question 6

Pre Kreb Cycle: What does glucose (6 carbon molecule) generate? How many carbons are present in the compound?

Answer 6

Two Pyruvate (3C compound)

Question 7

Pre Kreb Cycle: What process converts glucose to pyruvate?

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

What is pyruvate oxidized into? How many Carbons are present?

Answer 8

Acetyl CoA (2C compound)

Question 9

What is generated from the oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA (2)?

Answer 9

This reaction generates a molecule of CO2 and Molecule of NADH

Question 10

What does Acetyl CoA form with to continue the citric acid cycle? How many carbon compounds?

Answer 10

Oxaloacetate (4C compound)

Question 11

What does Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate form? How many carbons?

Answer 11

CITRATE (6C compound)

Question 12

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate?

Answer 12

Citrate synthase

Question 13

What is citrate isomerized to form?

Answer 13

Isocitrate

Question 14

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of citrate and Isocitrate?

Answer 14

Aconitase

Question 15

What is isocitrate oxidized to form? How many carbon?

Answer 15

Alpha-ketoglutarate (5 C molecule)

Question 16

What is generated from the OXIDATION of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (2)?

Answer 16

NADH (converted from NAD) and CO2

Question 17

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of Isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate?

Answer 17

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 18

What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase? What impact does it have on the Kreb cycle?

Answer 18

Increase levels of ATP and NADH can inhibit isocitrate dehydrogensase slowlying the cycle down because they cell has enough energy

Question 19

What increases isocitrate dehydrogenase? What impact does it have on the Kreb cycle?

Answer 19

ADP and increase Ca2+ increases the enzyme causing the cycle to speed up

Question 20

What is generated from alpha-ketoglutarate? How many carbon compounds?

Answer 20

Succinyl COA (4 C)

Question 21

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate AND Succinyl COA?

Answer 21

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 22

What is generated from Succinyl CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate (2)?

Answer 22

NADH (NAD)

Question 23

What are the required cofactors of Alpha-ketoglutarate?

Answer 23

Thiamine (B1), lipoic acid, Coenzyme A (B5/pantothenate), FAD+ (B2/Riobflavin) and NAD+ (B3/niacin)

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Question 24

What is Succinyl CoA converted to?

Answer 24

Succinate

Question 25

What is the enzyme that converts Succinyl CoA and succinate?

Answer 25

Succinyl COA synthase

Question 26

What is formed from the conversion of Succinyl CoA and succinate?

Answer 26

Molecule of GTP (GDP + phosphate) is generated

Question 27

What is Succinate converted to?

Answer 27

fumurate

Question 28

What is the enzyme that converts succinate and fumurate?

Answer 28

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 29

What is formed from the conversion of fumurate and succinate?

Answer 29

Molecule of FADH2 is generated by QH2

Question 30

What is fumurate converted to?

Answer 30

malate

Question 31

What is the enzyme that converts malate and fumurate?

Answer 31

Fumrase

Question 32

What is formed from the conversion of fumurate and malate?

Answer 32

H2O

Question 33

What is malate converted to?

Answer 33

oxaloacetate

Question 34

What is the enzyme that converts malate and oxaloacetate?

Answer 34

malate dehydrogenase

Question 35

What is formed from the conversion of oxaloacetate and malate?

Answer 35

NAD converted to NADH

Question 36

How many NADH molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? How many ATPs? What is the total NADH molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 36

3 molecules of NADH= 9 ATP | 6 NADH

Question 37

How many FADH molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? How many ATPs? What is the total FADH molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 37

1 molecule of FADH =2 Atp | 2 FADH

Question 38

How many GTP molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? How many ATPs? What is the total GTP molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 38

1 gtp = 1 ATP | 2 GTP

Question 39

How many CO2 molecules are generated by 1 Acetyl CoA? What is the total CO2 molecule yielded by 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 39

2 X CO2 | 4 CO2

Question 40

How many ATP molecules are generated per acetyl CoA?

Answer 40

12 ATP molecules

Question 41

How many ATP molecules are yielded in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 41

24 ATP

Question 42

What molecules are fed to the electron tansport chain (2)?

Answer 42

NADH and FADH2