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1-Chemistry Exam 4 > Charts > Flashcards

Charts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 1 carbon molecule?

A

Meth-

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2
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 2 carbons molecule?

A

eth-

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3
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 3 carbons molecule?

A

prop-

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4
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 4 carbons molecule?

A

but-

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5
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 5 carbons molecule?

A

pent-

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6
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 6 carbons molecule?

A

hex-

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7
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 7 carbons molecule?

A

hept-

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8
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 8 carbons molecule?

A

Oct-

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9
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 9 carbons molecule?

A

non-

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10
Q

What is the root name of hydrocarbon with 10 carbons molecule?

A

dec-

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11
Q

What is the properties of the hydroxyl functional group?

A

Polar

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12
Q

What is the properties of the methyl functional group?

A

Nonpolar

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13
Q

What is the properties of the carbonyl functional group?

A

Polar

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14
Q

What is the properties of the carboxyl functional group?

A

Charged, ionized to release H+, since carboxyl groups can release H+ ions into solution they are consider acidic

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15
Q

What is the properties of the amino functional group?

A

Charged accepts H+ to form NH3+. since amino groups can remove H+ from solution, they are considered basic

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16
Q

What is the properties of the phosphate functional group?

A

Charged, ionizes to release H+. since phosphate groups can release H+ ions into solution, they are consider acidic

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17
Q

What is the properties of the sulfhydryl functional group?

A

Polar

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18
Q

What happens to methane when a hydrogen is removed?

A

Methyl

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19
Q

What happens to ETHANE when a hydrogen is removed?

A

Ethyl

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20
Q

What are the components of a saturated fatty acid (5)?

A
  • contain only single C-C bonds
  • closely packed
  • strong attractions between chains
  • high melting points
  • solids at room temperature
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21
Q

What is an example of saturated fatty acids?

A

Palmitic acid

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22
Q

What is the components of unsaturated fatty acids?

A
  • contain one or more double C=C bond
  • nonlinear chains do not allow molecules to pack closely
  • few interactions between chains
  • low melting points
  • liquids at room temperature
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23
Q

What is an example unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Linoleic acid

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24
Q

What are examples of saturated fatty acids (6)?

A

Butyric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, plamitic acid, stearic acid and arachidic acid

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25
Q

What is Butyric acid?

A

Butter fat

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26
Q

What is lauric acid?

A

Coconut oil

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27
Q

What is myristic acid?

A

Palm Oil

28
Q

What is plamitic acid?

A

Arachis oil, sesame oil

29
Q

What is stearic acid?

A

Arachis oil

30
Q

What is arachidic acid?

A

Mustard oil

31
Q

What are examples of unsaturated fatty acids (4)¿

A

Linolenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and oleic acid

32
Q

What is Linolenic acid?

A

Linseed oil

33
Q

What is linoleic acid?

A

Sesame oil, subflower oil, soybeen, cunflower, corn, canola +rice barn oil

34
Q

What is arachidonic acid?

A

arachis oil,

35
Q

What is oleic acid?

A

safflower oil, corn oil

36
Q

What is oleic acid important in?

A

Inflammatory process

37
Q

What is typically the byproduct of omega 6?

A

Pro-inflammatory

38
Q

What is the process of Omega-6 Breakdown?

A

Linoleic acid- Gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid

39
Q

What is the byproduct of omega 3?

A

Anti inflammatory process

40
Q

What is the process of Omega-3 breakdown

A

Alpha-linolenic acid> eicosapentanonic acid>docosahexaeonic acid

41
Q

What can inhibit the conversion of Gamma-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid?

A

eicosapentanonic

42
Q

Gamma-linolenic acid has ______ properties

A

anti-inflammatory

43
Q

What are examples of Gamma-linolenic acid?

A

Evening primrose oil+borage oils

44
Q

What are examples of arachidonic acid?

A

Meat

45
Q

What are examples of Alpha-linolenic acid?

A

Flaxsedd, hemp+chia seed oil

46
Q

What are examples of eicosapentanonic acid

A

Fish oil

47
Q

What are examples of docosahexaeonic acid

A

Fish or algae oil

48
Q

Cyclooxygenase Inflammatory Process: What are phospholipids broken down into?

A

Arachidonic acid

49
Q

Cyclooxygenase Inflammatory Process: What causes the breakdown of phospholipids into Arachidonic acid?

A

Phospolipase A2

50
Q

Cyclooxygenase Inflammatory Process: What are Arachidonic acid broken down into?

A

Leukotrienes and PGG2 (COX)

51
Q

Cyclooxygenase Inflammatory Process: What causes the breakdown of Arachidonic acid into leukotreines?

A

5-lipoxygenase

52
Q

What are the types of leukotrienes and their function?

A

LTC4-Bronchial, LTD4-Spasmogens, LTE4-Vasodilators

53
Q

Cyclooxygenase Inflammatory Process: What causes the breakdown of Arachidonic acid into PGG2??

A

Cyclooxygenase

54
Q

Cyclooxygenase Inflammatory Process: What causes the breakdown of PGG2 into PGH2??

A

Hydroperoxidase

55
Q

What are the byproducts of PGH2 (5)?

A

TXA2, PGI2, PGE2, PGF2a, PGD2

56
Q

What is TXA2? What enzyme causes it formation?

A

Platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

TXA2 synthase

57
Q

What is PGI2? What enzyme causes it formation?

A

Vasodilator-bronchodilator, inhibits platelet aggregation, renal homeostasis

PGI2 synthase

58
Q

What is PGE2? What enzyme causes it formation?

A

Pyretic agent, inflammation and pain, gastric cytoprotection actions, renal homeostasis, vasodilator, bronchodilator and vasoconstriction

PGE2 synthase

59
Q

What is PGF2a? What enzyme causes it formation?

A

Labour and bronchoconstriction

PGF2a synthase

60
Q

What is PGD2? What enzyme causes it formation?

A

Sleep wake cycle and bronchoconstriction

PGD2 synthase

61
Q

What is PGD2 converted to PGJ2?

A

Nuclear acting prostanoid ligands

62
Q

What is the mnemonic for Essential amino acids?

A

PVT Tim Hall

63
Q

What are the basic amino acids (3)?

A

Histidine, arginine, lysine

64
Q

What are the branched chain amino acids (3)?

A

Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine

65
Q

What are the two ketogenic amino acids>

A

Lysine and Leucine

1-Chemistry Exam 4 (8 decks)

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