Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 Gastro > Cirrhosis > Flashcards

Cirrhosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cirrhosis?

A

Pathological end-stage of any chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What most commonly causes Cirrhosis?

A

Chronic hepatitis B+C
Alcohol-related liver disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes the main complications of Cirrhosis?

A

Liver insufficiency

Portal hypertensiom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main complications of Cirrhosis?

A 
Ascites
Variceal haemorrhage
Jaundice
Portosystemic encephalopathy
AKI
Hepatopulmoary syndromes
Development of hepatocellular carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of Cirrhosis

A

Fibrosis
Conversion of normal liver architecture to structurally abnormal nodules
(regenerative nodules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are risk factors for Cirrhosis?

A 
Alcohol misuse
IV drug use
Unprotected intercourse
Obesity
Blood transfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some diagnostic factors of Cirrhosis?

A 
Abdominal distention (2ry to ascites) 
Jaundice and pruritus
Blood in vomit
Melaena
Hand and nail features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are characteristic hand and nail features of Cirrhosis?

A

Leukonychia (white nails - 2ry to hypoalbuniaemia

Polished nails - 2ry to scratching in pruritus

Palmar erythema

Spider naevi (blanch on pressure and spider-like branches fill from a central arteriole)

Bruising

Finger clubbing

Cholesterol deposits in palmar creases

Dupuytren contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture is when 1 or more fingers bend in towards your palm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some facial features in Cirrhosis?

A

Telangiectasia - red focal lesions

Spider naevi

Bruising

Rhinophyma

Parotid glad swelling

Paper-money appearance of skin

Red tongue - ALD

Jaundices sclera

Xanthelasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is caput medusa a sign of?

A

Collateral circulation of the abdominal wall distension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some other diagnostic symptoms of Cirrhosis?

A

Constitutional symptoms e.g. fatigue, weakness, weight loss

Lower extremity swelling

Hepatic factor

Muscle wasting

Peripheral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some weaker risk factors for Cirrhosis?

A

Blood transfusion (Hep B/C)

Tattoos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 1st line investigations to order for Cirrhosis?

A 
LFTS
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 
Serum Albumin
Serum sodium
PT
Platelet count
Hep C antibodies
Hep B surface antigen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other investigations could be considered in Cirrhosis?

A 
Total iron/iron binding capacity
Antinuclear antibody 
Antimitochondrial antibody 
Serum ceruloplasmin
Plasma alpha-1 antitrypsin
Serum protein electophoresis 
Abdo ultrasound
Abdo CT
Abdo MRI
Upper GI endoscopy
Liver biopsy 
Non-invasive of liver elasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would +ve antinuclear antibody be suggestive of?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

17
Q

What else would be +ve in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

Antismooth muscle antibody

18
Q

What antibody would be present in primary biliary cholangitis?

A

M2 antimitochondrial antibody

19
Q

What test would show a low result in Wilson’s disease?

A

Serum ceruloplasmin

20
Q

What is important about plasma alpha-1 antitrypsin?

A

5% of adults with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency develop cirrhosis

Low result further confirmed by electrophoresis

21
Q

What signs of cirrhosis might be seen on an abdo ultrasound?

A

Signs of portal hypertension

  • Ascites
  • Splenomegaly
  • Increased diameter of the portal vein (>13mm)
  • Collateral vessels
22
Q

In Cirrhosis what would you look for on an upper GI endoscopy?

A

Presence of a gastro-oesophageal varices or portal hypertensive gastropathy secondary to portal hypertension

23
Q

What is the most specific and sensitive test for cirrhosis diagnosis?

A

Liver biopsy

But not always necessary if other tests are conclusive

Used to assess degree of inflammation

24
Q

What is the first line treatment for all patients with Cirrhosis?

A

Treatment of underlying chronic liver disease and prevention of superimposed hepatic insult

+ monitoring for complications

adjunct - Na restriction and diuretic therapy for ascites

25
Q

What is the 2nd line treatment for all patients with Cirrhosis?

A

Liver transplantation

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Year 3 Gastro (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions