Circulatory System/immune- Blood Types Flashcards
What are the ABO blood types?
A, B, AB, O
What are human blood cells marked with?
Antigen
What are the two antigens in ABO blood types?
A antigens and B antigens
What does blood type A have in terms of antigens and antibodies?
- Has only A antigens
- Anti-B antibodies
What does blood type B have in terms of antigens and antibodies?
- B antigens
- Anti-A antibodies
What does blood type AB have in terms of antigens and antibodies?
- has A and B Antigens
- No antibodies
What does blood type O have in terms of antigens and antibodies?
- No antigens
- Anti-A and anti-B antibodies
In a transfusion, what must the recipient not have and why?
- recipient must not have antibodies for antigens on the donors blood cells
- Otherwise red blood cells will clump and can move to the heart or brain, producing heart attack or stroke
What is agglutination?
Clumping of erythrocytes
What type of antibodies does the body have?
- has antibodies for antigens it does not have
- These antibodies appear several months after birth
Which ABO blood type can accept blood from any donor?
AB blood type because it has no antibodies for A or B
Which blood can type O receive from?
- only except blood from O type donor because it has antibodies for A and B antigens
- has anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Which blood type is the universal donor and which is the universal acceptor?
Universal donor is type O
Universal acceptor is type AB
What is the Rh system?
- Separates blood groups from ABO
What happens when a person is Rh+?
- they have Rh antigen or Rh factor
What happens if a person is Rh-?
- they do not have Rh antigen or Rh factor
How are Rh factor antibodies produced?
- only produced if the body is exposed to Rh factor during blood transfusion or pregnancy
What has happened if an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby?
- The father must have been Rh+
What happens if an Rh+ baby’s cells leak into an Rh- mother’s bloodstream?
- The mother forms anti-Rh antibodies that attacks baby’s RBC (Hemolytic disease of newborn HDN)
What is hemolysis?
Bursting of red blood cells
How can you prevent hemolytic disease of newborn?
- give the Rh- mother an anti-Rh antibody preparation in an injection to prevent her body from producing her own antibodies (passive immunity)
- The injection must be given before the mother becomes sensitized to produce her own antibodies
What is an autoimmune disorder?
- when the body attacks its own cells mistakenly
What is rheumatoid arthritis? What are the symptoms?
- A chronic auto immune disorder where are the immune system attacks the joints
- Causes pain, fatigue, stiffness, swelling, fever, decreased appetite, and permanent disability
How can you reduce pain and progress of rheumatoid arthritis?
- some medications can reduce pain
- anti-rheumatoid drugs slow progress of disorder
