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Biology 30S > Circulatory System/immune- Blood Types > Flashcards

Circulatory System/immune- Blood Types Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the ABO blood types?

A

A, B, AB, O

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2
Q

What are human blood cells marked with?

A

Antigen

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3
Q

What are the two antigens in ABO blood types?

A

A antigens and B antigens

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4
Q

What does blood type A have in terms of antigens and antibodies?

A
  • Has only A antigens

- Anti-B antibodies

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5
Q

What does blood type B have in terms of antigens and antibodies?

A
  • B antigens

- Anti-A antibodies

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6
Q

What does blood type AB have in terms of antigens and antibodies?

A
  • has A and B Antigens

- No antibodies

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7
Q

What does blood type O have in terms of antigens and antibodies?

A
  • No antigens

- Anti-A and anti-B antibodies

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8
Q

In a transfusion, what must the recipient not have and why?

A
  • recipient must not have antibodies for antigens on the donors blood cells
  • Otherwise red blood cells will clump and can move to the heart or brain, producing heart attack or stroke
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9
Q

What is agglutination?

A

Clumping of erythrocytes

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10
Q

What type of antibodies does the body have?

A
  • has antibodies for antigens it does not have

- These antibodies appear several months after birth

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11
Q

Which ABO blood type can accept blood from any donor?

A

AB blood type because it has no antibodies for A or B

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12
Q

Which blood can type O receive from?

A
  • only except blood from O type donor because it has antibodies for A and B antigens
  • has anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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13
Q

Which blood type is the universal donor and which is the universal acceptor?

A

Universal donor is type O

Universal acceptor is type AB

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14
Q

What is the Rh system?

A
  • Separates blood groups from ABO
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15
Q

What happens when a person is Rh+?

A
  • they have Rh antigen or Rh factor
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16
Q

What happens if a person is Rh-?

A
  • they do not have Rh antigen or Rh factor
17
Q

How are Rh factor antibodies produced?

A
  • only produced if the body is exposed to Rh factor during blood transfusion or pregnancy
18
Q

What has happened if an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby?

A
  • The father must have been Rh+
19
Q

What happens if an Rh+ baby’s cells leak into an Rh- mother’s bloodstream?

A
  • The mother forms anti-Rh antibodies that attacks baby’s RBC (Hemolytic disease of newborn HDN)
20
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

Bursting of red blood cells

21
Q

How can you prevent hemolytic disease of newborn?

A
  • give the Rh- mother an anti-Rh antibody preparation in an injection to prevent her body from producing her own antibodies (passive immunity)
  • The injection must be given before the mother becomes sensitized to produce her own antibodies
22
Q

What is an autoimmune disorder?

A
  • when the body attacks its own cells mistakenly
23
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis? What are the symptoms?

A
  • A chronic auto immune disorder where are the immune system attacks the joints
  • Causes pain, fatigue, stiffness, swelling, fever, decreased appetite, and permanent disability
24
Q

How can you reduce pain and progress of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • some medications can reduce pain

- anti-rheumatoid drugs slow progress of disorder

25
Q

What have researchers had success in regarding treating auto immune disorders?

A
  • some researchers have had success in training immature white blood cells to recognize “self” from “non-self” and not destroy its own pancreas cells in mice
  • example is type 1 diabetes
26
Q

What are allergies?

A
  • exaggerated response by immune system to a harmless substance such as pollen, mould, or animal dander
27
Q

What occurs in an immediate allergic reaction?

A
  • almost immediate reaction that lasts usually no longer than 30 minutes
  • specialized antibodies trigger cells to release histamines that increase permeability of blood vessels, making the area red and swollen, and release cellular fluids —> Watery eyes, runny nose
    Ex. Asthma
28
Q

What is asthma?

A
  • immediate reaction to inhaled allergens

- The bronchiole spasms, Causing coughing, wheezing, fatal suffocation

29
Q

What occurs in a delayed allergic reaction?

A
  • set off by T cells that have been sensitized by previous contact with allergens
  • reaction is slower but lasts longer
  • Allergic reactions to cosmetics and certain types of jewellery
30
Q

How are food allergies treated? Are they common?

A
  • have been increasingly common but not sure why

- epiPens have single-dose injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) to help person survive anaphylaxis

31
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A
  • closing of the respiratory tract
  • blood pressure drops, rash, nausea, vomiting
  • immediate reaction

Biology 30S (14 decks)

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