Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

open transport system

A

blood bathes the cells directly (not contained in blood vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

closed transport system

A

blood is pumped around the body within a network of vessels
large vessels collect blood for pumping, smaller vessels distribute blood throughout the body and tiny capillaries provide the surface for exchange of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of closed transport systems

A

annelids, fish, amphibians, birds and mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

annelids

A

simplest closed system

two main blood vessels are connected by a series of five pairs of heart-like pumps called aortic arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fish

A

heart has two main chambers and two lesser cavities organized in a row
blood flows through the heart > gills > body > heart
only flows through the heart once (single circulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amphibians

A

three-chambered heart
blood is pumped from heart > lungs > heart > body
having a single ventricle causes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix
called incomplete, double circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

birds and mammals

A

need a very efficient heart to support the high metabolic rate, constant body temperature, and high level of activity
four chambered heart
oxygenate and deoxygenated blood are kept separate
blood pressure is maximized to force blood through the capillaries quickly
blood flows from heart > lungs > heart > body
called complete, double circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

three subdivisions of the circulatory system

A

systemic, pulmonary, cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

systemic

A

path taken by blood as it flows from the heart to the rest of the body and back (all cells except heart and lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pulmonary

A

path of blood from heart to lungs and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cardiac

A

route taken by blood within the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

three main elements of circulatory system

A

transport vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), transport medium (blood), pumping mechanism (heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

three layers of artery

A

outer layer (connective tissue), middle layer (thickest, elastic fibres and smooth muscle), inner layer (single cell thick, consists of smooth epithelial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

blood consists of two elements:

A

plasma and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plasma

A 
where blood cells are suspended
55%
straw colored fluid (92% water)
contains:
     i) dissolved inorganic ions
    ii) vitamins, minerals, hormones, organic nutrients
   iii) protein molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

red blood cells

A 
erythrocytes
44% 
specialized for oxygen transport
biconcave disk shape, no nucleus
hemoglobin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

white blood cells

A 
leucocytes
1%
numbers increase when you are fighting infection
protect body from disease-causing agents
have nuclei and appear colourless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

types of white blood cells

A

macrophages - can pass through the walls of capillaries to engulf and digest pathogens
lymphocytes - allows the body to recognize and fight off pathogens; play a role in the formation of antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

platelets

A

fragments of cells when larger cells in bone marrow broke apart (are NOT cells)
no nucleus
break down quickly in blood
important in blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

factors that cause vasodilation/vasoconstriction

A

regulate blood pressure, increase in activity and metabolic requirements, helps body conserve or eliminate heart
alcohol and nicotine promote vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pericardium

A

sac that covers heart

contains fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

septum

A

muscular wall the prevents the mixing of blood from the two sides of the heart

23
Q

atrium

A

thin walled chamber that pumps blood to the ventricles

24
Q

ventricle

A

thick walled chamber that pumps blood to the body

25
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

separate the atria from the ventricles

26
Q

tricuspid

A

separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

has 3 flaps of tissue

27
Q

bicuspid

A

separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

has 2 flaps of tissue

28
Q

semi-lunar valves

A

valves between the ventricles and the arteries (aortic and pulmonary)

29
Q

chordae tendinae

A

strong fibrous chords on the AV node

prevent the AV valves from inverting into the atria when the ventricles contract

30
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

general term for several conditions in which the walls of arteries thicken and lose their elasticity

31
Q

angioplasty

A

a surgical procedure used to open up a clogged artery

32
Q

coronary bypass

A

a surgical procedure in which blood flow is re-routed around blocked arteries

33
Q

aneurysm

A

a bulge in an artery or heart chamber caused by a weakened area of the heart muscle or arterial wall

34
Q

arrhythmia

A

an irregularity in the speed or rhythm of the heartbeat

35
Q

pacemaker

A

a device that sends electrical impulses that control the rate of the heartbeat

36
Q

congenital heart deflect

A

a heart deflect that is present from birth

37
Q

ischemic stroke

A

a stroke caused by a clot in a blood vessel, blocking blood flow to the brain

38
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

a stroke caused by the bursting of a blood vessel in the brain, which causes blood to leak into the surrounding brain tissue

39
Q

hemophilia

A

an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot normally

40
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the white blood cells

41
Q

xenotranspant

A

a transplant of tissues and organs from one species to another

42
Q

nanotechnology

A

technology that uses microscopic structures on the scale of molecules

43
Q

sinoatrial (SA) node

A

the modified heart cells in the right atrium that spontaneously generate the rhythmic signals that cause the atria to contract

44
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

the specialized heart cells near the junction of the atria and ventricles that cause the ventricles to contract

45
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

a record of the electrical impulses generated by a beating heart

46
Q

blood pressure

A

the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels

47
Q

systolic pressure

A

the pressure generated in the circulatory system when the ventricles contract and push blood from the heart

48
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the pressure generated in the circulatory system when then ventricles fill with blood

49
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

medical device used to measure blood pressure

50
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart at high pressure

51
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood towards the heart at a lower pressure

Contain one way valves

52
Q

circulatory system functions

A

delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells
removing waste products of cellular processes
serving as a pathway from one part of the body to another for disease-fighting agents, hormones, and other chemical messengers
controlling body temperature in warm-blooded animals

53
Q

lub-dub sound

A

lub - closing of atrioventricular (AV) valves as blood is pumped to the ventricles
dub - closing of semilunar valves as blood is pumped from the ventricles into the arteries

Biology 11 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions