Circulatory System Flashcards
transports the oxygenated blood from the heart and lungs all throughout the body thru the arteries, and then the oxygen depleted blood is returned to its origin thru the help of the veins.
Circulatory System
helps in the coagulation process, regulates the body temperature and assists the body in fighting diseases.
Circulatory System
two main components of Circulatory System
the Cardiovascular system and the Lymphatic system
hollow muscular organ
heart
how many chambers does heart have
four
heart is surrounded by a thin, fluid-filled sac called?
pericardium
size of the heart
about the same size as of a man’s clenched fist
Layer of pericardium
parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
visceral pericardium
layers of the heart
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
thin, watery membrane in the outer layer of the heart
epicardium
covers the heart and attached to the pericardium
epicardium
thick layer of cardiac
muscles in the middle layer of the heart.
myocardium
pumps blood to the arteries by contracting
myocardium
thin layer of epithelial
cells in the inner layer of the heart
endocardium
lines the valves and interior chambers.
endocardium
chambers of the heart
right atrium
right ventricles
left atrium
left ventricles
upper right chamber
right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
right atrium
lower right chamber
right ventricle
Receives the blood from the right atrium and pumps into pulmonary artery.
right ventricle
upper left chamber
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
and pumps it into the left ventricle
Left Atrium
lower left chamber
Left Ventricle
Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta.
Left Ventricle
valves of the heart
Atrioventricular Valves
Semilunar valves
tricuspid valve which is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Right AV valve
Closes as the right ventricles contracts
preventing blood from flowing back to the right atrium.
Right AV valve
bicuspid or mitral valve which is located between the left atrium and left ventricle
Left AV valve
Closes as the left ventricles contracts
preventing blood from flowing back to the left atrium.
Left AV valve
pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery.
Right semilunar valve
Closes when the right ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the right
ventricle
Right semilunar valve
aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta.
Left semilunar valve
Closes when the left ventricle relaxes preventing blood from flowing back to the left ventricle.
Left semilunar valve
partition that separates the right from the left atria
Interatrial septum
separates the right and the left ventricles
Interventricular septum
receives blood supply thru the left and right coronary arteries, and coronary veins return the oxygen depleted
blood from the heart muscle back to the heart.
Coronary Circulation
Heart function
- the Coronary circulation supplies the blood and also provides drainage from the tissues
- composed of the left and right coronary arteries and coronary veins
6 functions of the heart
- cardiac cycle
- Electrical Conduction System
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Origin of heart sound
- Heart rate and Cardiac Output
- Pulse
- Blood Pressure
Systole (contraction) & diastole (relaxation) which lasts about 0.8
seconds
Cardiac Cycle
Sends electric impulses throughout the myocardium which is
initiated by the Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)
Electrical Conduction System
Provides the graphical representation of the cardiac cycle’s activity
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
The average heart rate is
72 beats per minute (bpm)
refers to the volume of blood pumped per minute
Cardiac output
which is the first sound as the ventricles contract or the AV valves close
“lubb”
the second sound which is heard when the semilunar valves close and the ventricles relax.
“dupp”
A rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery
pulse
The force which was exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessel
blood pressure
Blood pressure is measured by
sphygmomanometer
it is the difference between the systolic (pressure during contraction) and diastolic (pressure during relaxation).
Blood pressure
normal contraction of the heart in ECG
Sinus Rhythm
Amount of Cardiac output
5-6L per minute
unit of blood pressure
mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
normal blood pressure
120 over 80
the loop which consists of a system of blood vessels through which blood is circulated to the rest of the body
vascular system
two divisions of vascular system
(1) pulmonary circulation
(2) systemic circulation
structures of the vascular system
- arteries
- arterioles
- veins
- venules
- capillaries
thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
arteries
small-diameter blood vessels that branch out from the arteries and lead to the capillaries
arteriole
tubes with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood from tissue to the heart
veins
very small veins that collect blood from the capillaries
venules
fine hair-like blood vessels that connect arterioles and veins
capillaries
three layers of blood vessels
- tunica adventitia
- tunica media
- tunica intima
outer connective tissue of blood vessel
tunica adventitia
it is the middle layer of blood vessel, has muscle and elastic fiber
tunica media
it is the inner layer of blood vessel, has endothelial cell
tunica intima
space inside the blood vessel where the blood flows
lumen
found in the veins, these are thin membranous leaflets that prevent the backflow of blood
valves
the red fluid that is transported throughout the body through the circulatory system
blood
two function of blood
- Arterial blood
- Venous blood
blood is composed of
plasma and other formed elements
a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of the blood which is 90% water
plasma
three components of blood
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- Thrombocytes (platelets)
System of classifying human blood by the presence of antigens A and B and based on the antigenic components found on the surface of the red blood cells.
ABO blood group system
system of classification of primary importance in obstetrics because of the hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).
RH blood-group system
universal donor
O
universal recipient
AB
