circulatory system

Question 1

What is the function of the circulatory system

Answer 1

• transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells
  → carries waste to the organs that are responsible for eliminating them

Question 2

What are the 4 components of blood and their function

Answer 2

1. plasma
   - liquid protion of the blood
   - 90% water and 10% plasma proteins, vitamns, minerals, dissolved gases, and waste
   → function
   golbulins - carries antibodies
   albumins - maintain osmotic balance (blood pressure)
   fibrinogens (protein in plasma which produces fibrin) - initiate blood clotting
2. Red blood cells (erythrocrytes)
   - no nucleus
   - contain hemoglobin
   → function
   transport oxygen
3. White blood cells (leukocytes)
   -large nucleus
   → produce antibodies
4. Platelets
   - cell fragments
   → function
   initiate blood clotting

Question 3

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 3

→ Artery (thick elastic walls, small circumfrence)
→ Vein (thin, less elastic walls with valeves, large cicumfrence)
→ Capillary (very thin wall, smallest circumfrence)

Question 4

What is the funtion of an Artery

Answer 4

carry blood AWAY from the heart

Question 5

What is the function of a Vein

Answer 5

carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 6

What is the function of a Capillary

Answer 6

exchanging material between the blood and the body

★ blood velocity is the SLOWEST in the capillaries because the red blood cells travel in single file lines

Question 7

What is the order of blood flow

Answer 7

superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve →right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta

Question 8

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and which side carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 8

RIGHT SIDE: deoxygenated
LEFT SIDE: oxygenated

Question 9

What ensures that the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle doesnt contaminate the oxygenated blood in the left ventricle

Answer 9

the septum
→ a wall that seperates the two ventricles, ensuring that there is no mixing of blood

Question 10

In the event of a tear in the septum what will happen, and how may you treat it

Answer 10

→ in the event of a hole or tear in the septum, the blood will mix
- which depletes the oxygen, makes it harder for the heart to deliver oxygen to the body

→ only curable by surgery

Question 11

At which point in the flow of blood does it become oxygenated

Answer 11

lungs → pulmonary vein

• exchange happens in the lungs and the blood returns to the heart oxygenated!!!!

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE

the pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood

Answer 12

FALSE!!

→ arteries usually carry oxygenated blood, this is the only artery that carries DEoxygenated blood

Question 13

FILL IN THE BLANK

Red blood cells are packed full of a large proteins called _____________ which bind to oxygen.

Answer 13

Haemoglobin

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE

White blood cells have a nucleus

Answer 14

TRUE

→ a white blood cell has a large nucleus

• red blood cells are the ones who have no nuclei

Question 15

Which statement is always true regarding arteries?

a) They carry blood towards the heart

b) They carry oxygenated blood

c) They carry deoxygenated blood

d) They carry blood away from the heart

(hint: ALWAYS true, no exeptions)

Answer 15

d)

→ Arteries always carry blood Away from the heart

(“A” for artery, “A” for away)

Question 16

what is the structure of arteries

Answer 16

thick elastic walls
-> small circumference

Question 17

what is the structure of veins?

Answer 17

-> large circumference
-> has valves
-> thin but less elastic walls

Question 18

what is the structure of capiliaries

Answer 18

->extremely small circumfrance
->thin