circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system

A
  • transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells
    → carries waste to the organs that are responsible for eliminating them
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2
Q

What are the 4 components of blood and their function

A
  1. plasma
    - liquid protion of the blood
    - 90% water and 10% plasma proteins, vitamns, minerals, dissolved gases, and waste
    → function
    golbulins - carries antibodies
    albumins - maintain osmotic balance (blood pressure)
    fibrinogens (protein in plasma which produces fibrin) - initiate blood clotting
  2. Red blood cells (erythrocrytes)
    - no nucleus
    - contain hemoglobin
    → function
    transport oxygen
  3. White blood cells (leukocytes)
    -large nucleus
    → produce antibodies
  4. Platelets
    - cell fragments
    → function
    initiate blood clotting
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A

→ Artery (thick elastic walls, small circumfrence)
→ Vein (thin, less elastic walls with valeves, large cicumfrence)
→ Capillary (very thin wall, smallest circumfrence)

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4
Q

What is the funtion of an Artery

A

carry blood AWAY from the heart

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5
Q

What is the function of a Vein

A

carry blood TOWARDS the heart

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6
Q

What is the function of a Capillary

A

exchanging material between the blood and the body

★ blood velocity is the SLOWEST in the capillaries because the red blood cells travel in single file lines

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7
Q

What is the order of blood flow

A

superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve →right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta

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8
Q

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and which side carries deoxygenated blood

A

RIGHT SIDE: deoxygenated
LEFT SIDE: oxygenated

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9
Q

What ensures that the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle doesnt contaminate the oxygenated blood in the left ventricle

A

the septum
→ a wall that seperates the two ventricles, ensuring that there is no mixing of blood

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10
Q

In the event of a tear in the septum what will happen, and how may you treat it

A

→ in the event of a hole or tear in the septum, the blood will mix
- which depletes the oxygen, makes it harder for the heart to deliver oxygen to the body

→ only curable by surgery

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11
Q

At which point in the flow of blood does it become oxygenated

A

lungs → pulmonary vein

  • exchange happens in the lungs and the blood returns to the heart oxygenated!!!!
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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood

A

FALSE!!

→ arteries usually carry oxygenated blood, this is the only artery that carries DEoxygenated blood

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13
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

Red blood cells are packed full of a large proteins called _____________ which bind to oxygen.

A

Haemoglobin

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

White blood cells have a nucleus

A

TRUE

→ a white blood cell has a large nucleus

  • red blood cells are the ones who have no nuclei
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15
Q

Which statement is always true regarding arteries?

a) They carry blood towards the heart

b) They carry oxygenated blood

c) They carry deoxygenated blood

d) They carry blood away from the heart

(hint: ALWAYS true, no exeptions)

A

d)

→ Arteries always carry blood Away from the heart

(“A” for artery, “A” for away)

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16
Q

what is the structure of arteries

A

thick elastic walls
-> small circumference

17
Q

what is the structure of veins?

A

-> large circumference
-> has valves
-> thin but less elastic walls

18
Q

what is the structure of capiliaries

A

->extremely small circumfrance
->thin