cell cycle Flashcards
timeline of cell cycle
-interphase
-prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase
-cytokinesis
NOTE: PMAT = MITOSIS
PMAT + CYTOKINESIS = CELL
DIVISION
How is DNA organized? (the idea of condensing and similar sounding terms)
Chromatin (long strands of DNA found in interphase, not visible)
–> Chromosomes (condensed version of chromatin) (“chromosomes are created before prophase really begins”)
–> Chromatid (1 identical strand of DNA) (“sister chromatids are the “two”)
-> Centromere, a structure that counts a chromosome as 1, and holds the chromatids together.
What are cell checkpoints (before naming them out?)
Cell checkpoints are SPECIALIZED PROTEINS, monitor cell activity and the surrounding of the cell
- determines whether or not a cell can go through mitosis
What are the 3 cell checkpoints
- not enough nutrients to support cell growth. (can happen in any phase)
- DNA is not replicated. (interphase)
- DNA is damaged.
-> Spindle fibers did not attached to the centrosomes, therefore the chromosomes cannot go to the “poles.” (AFFECTS BOTH METAPHASE AND ANAPHASE)
What happens if a cell “checks” a cell checkpoint?
Cell suicide occurs! (Also known as “programmed cell death.”)
1) Necrosis
-> Unorganized cell death because of age or damage
2) Apoptosis
->Organized breakdown of a cell
-> involves CASPASES (proteins)
->Cell components can be reused by surrounding cells
What is interphase?
1) Cell is actively growing
2) Duplication of DNA (the creation of a sister chromatid)
3) Carrying out cell functions
