circulatory system

Question 1

what is the function of the circulatory system

Answer 1

1. transports nutrients to other cells, carries waste away from cells
2. transports gases > O2 to cells and CO2 away from cells
3. regulates internal temperature
4. transports chemical substances vital to health from one part of body to another, carries hormones
5. protects against blood loss and against disease causing microbes/toxins in body

Question 2

what are the parts that make up blood

Answer 2

• produced in the bone marrow
  PLASMA: a clear, yellowish liquid that carries the cells and platelets
  ERYTHROCYTES (RBC): contain hemoglobin which helps carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in small amounts to aid in waste removal, stored in spleen
  LEUKOCYTES (WBC): part of body’s response to infection, have a nucleus and colourless, wbc numbers double when fighting infections
• MACROPHAGES: engulf and digest
• LYMPHOCYTES: make antibodies
  PLATELETS: involved in blood clotting, produced from larger nucleated cells in bone marrow that broke apart, act as sealant to close wounds

Question 3

what is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

PULMONARY: vessels that carry blood to/from lungs
SYSTEMIC: vessels that carry blood to/from rest of body

Question 4

explain the different types of blood vessels found in the body

Answer 4

ARTERIES: carry oxygenated blood away from heart
VEINS: carry deoxygenated blood toward heart
CAPILLARIES: connects arterioles to venules, spread throughout body in fine network, surround cells
- fluid and gas exchange occur between blood and body cells

Question 5

explain how the heart maintains its own rhythm

Answer 5

• each time heart contracts a sound, LUB DUB, is heard
• sound caused by AV valves and semilunar valves closing in turn as blood is pushed out of heart from atria through ventricles

Question 6

how is oxygen transported throughout the body

Answer 6

systemic circulation carries oxygen in blood vessels that carry blood to/from the body