Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
What three things form the cardiovascular system?
A
- blood
- heart
- blood vessels
2
Q
What systems form the circulatory system?
A
cardiovascular and lymphatic
3
Q
What do arteries do?
A
carry blood away from the heart
4
Q
What is blood pressure?
A
the force blood exerts on the inside walls of a vessel
5
Q
What are the two types of blood pressure?
A
- systolic
- diastolic
6
Q
What is systolic pressure?
A
the pressure when the heart muscle is contracted
7
Q
What is diastolic pressure?
A
the pressure when the heart muscle is relaxed
8
Q
What is a normal blood pressure?
A
120/80
9
Q
What do veins do?
A
carry blood towards the heart
10
Q
What do veins have that prevent blood from flowing backwards (because of low blood pressure)?
A
valves
11
Q
What are the capillaries?
A
site of the gas exchange
12
Q
Where does the blood flow from the arteries?
A
capillaries
13
Q
Where does the blood flow from the capillaries?
A
veins
14
Q
How will the O2 get to the capillaries?
A
it will diffuse from the respiratory system
15
Q
How will CO2 get to the respiratory system?
A
it will diffuse from the capillaries
16
Q
How thick are capillary walls?
A
one cell thick
17
Q
Why are capillary walls so thin?
A
to allow for passive transport
18
Q
Do veins have high or low pressure?
A
low
19
Q
Do arteries have high or low pressure?
A
high
20
Q
What do valves do?
A
prevent backflow
21
Q
How much backflow do healthy valves allow for?
A
20% backflow, 80% flow
22
Q
What does the tricuspid valve connect?
A
right atrium and right ventricle
23
Q
What does the pulmonary valve (right semilunar) connect?
A
right ventricle and lungs
24
Q
What does the mitril valve connect?
A
left atrium and left ventricle
25
What does the aortic valve (left semilunar) connect?
left ventricle and aorta
26
What is the sinoatrial node (SA)?
specialized heart muscle that initiates its own electrical impulse and contracts
27
Where is the SA located?
the right atrium
28
What is the SA otherwise known as?
the pacemaker
29
Where will the electrical impulse go after the SA?
the atrioventricular (AV) node
30
What does the AV node do?
spreads the electrical impulse
31
Where is the AV node located?
between the aria
32
How do we get the classic "lub-dub" sound in the pulse?
the delay (from AV node) that causes the ventricles to contract at different times
33
What are the two patterns of circulation?
1. pulmonary circuit - blood traveling between heart and lungs
2. systemic circuit - blood traveling between heart an body
34
Which of the two patterns of circulation is more important?
pulmonary
35
What does the lymphatic system do?
gets rid of the body/cell's extracellular waste and produces white blood cells that kill germs
36
What will cause the heart rate to increase?
when the pH level in the blood drops
37
What causes the pH in the blood to drop?
CO2 levels increasing
38
What ratio of people will die of heart disease?
2/3
39
What is atherosclerosis?
buildup of lipids on the arterial walls or hardening of the walls
40
What is myocardial infarction?
heart attack; a blockage of blood flow to the heart due to a blood clot
41
What is the scientific word for blood clot?
thrombosis
42
What causes heart attacks?
smoking, diet, genetics
43
What is hypertension?
high blood pressure
44
What is the function of blood?
to transport nutrients and O2 in and to transport CO2 and waste out
45
What is plasma?
sticky, yellowish substance in the blood that contains everything else (like water in a river)
46
Where do RBCs form?
red bone marrow
47
What is another name for red blood cells?
erythrocytes
48
How do red blood cells carry O2?
use the protein hemoglobin (which uses iron as a cofactor) to carry O2
49
What do mature RBCs not have?
nuclei
50
Why is blood red?
iron
51
What are platelets?
cells parts that form blood clots
52
What protein do platelets create?
fibrin
53
What type of system do we use for blood type?
ABO system
54
A&B are co-dominate, O is recessive
55
What does Rh system add to blood types?
a -, +, or =
56
What is the universal donor?
O
57
What is the universal taker?
AB
58
What happens if you receive the wrong blood type?
it triggers an immune response
59
What is hemophilia?
a disease that is caused by lack platelets
60
What would happen if someone had a mitril valve prolapse?
there would be backflow into the left atrium; blood wouldn't reach the aorta
61
Why does blood pressure increase when you stand up from lying down?
gravity
62
What is VSD?
tear in the septum of the heart that separates right and left ventricles
63
What do white blood cells do?
kill germs
64
What is another name for WBCs?
leukocytes
65
What is the largest type of WBC?
phagocyte
66
What do phagocytes do?
engulf germs using endocytosis
67
What are antibodies?
proteins that help target bacteria & viruses (tell the phagocytes what to kill)
68
What do eosinophils do?
move to inflamed area to trap bacteria & viruses
69
What do basophils do?
keep blood from clotting too quickly
70
What do monocytes do?
aid in repairing after an infection
71
Why is CO2 bad for cells?
it lowers the pH
72
Where is the lowest pH blood in the body?
the right ventricle (it has the most CO2)
73
What does the respiratory system do?
transports O2 to the lungs and CO2 out of the lungs
74
What is external respiration?
lungs and the outside world
75
What is internal respiration?
cellular respiration; cell and the blood
76
What is the path of air?
Nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchus -> bronchiole -> alveoli
77
What are the alveoli?
site of gas exchange in the lungs; tiny air sacks
78
Why do the alveoli have so much surface area?
cilia (tiny, hair-like structures); to aid in diffusion of gases
79
What is the epiglottis?
flap that blocks the esophagus which goes to the stomach
80
How is oxygen transported from the alveoli to the RBCs?
in the capillaries
81
What path does CO2 take?
transported in the blood plasma to the capillaries then to the alveoli
82
What is inspiration and how does it work?
the taking in of air; when the diaphragm pulls down, it makes the thoracic cavity larger (skeletal system), drawing in air to equalize the pressure (Boyle's Law)
83
What is expiration and how does it work?
diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity, pushing air out to equalize the pressure
84
What is the rate of breathing controlled by?
the brain
85
Why are there so many common lung issues?
because the lungs are designed to make contact directly with the outside world
86
What is the most common valve issue?
backflow in the left atrium due to the mitril valve
87
What does cyanide poison bind with?
the fourth protein in the ETC (blocks oxygen)
88
What is the path of blood flow?
vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitril valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta
89
What does blood contain and provide?
nutrients and glucose, fatty acids, amino acids
90
Where is the heart located in the chest?
in the middle, tilted to the left
91
What two systems work with the circulatory system?
muscular & respiratory
92
What does the blood stream absorb?
nutrients and waste
93
What does the circulatory system regulate in the body?
body temperature
