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9 Biology > Chapter 5: Cell Transport > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cell Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of a membrane?

A
  1. Lipids
  2. Proteins
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Cholesterol
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2
Q

What do the lipids do in the cell membrane?

A

phospholipids (selectively permeable) - lets some stuff pass and others are denied

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3
Q

What do proteins do in the cell membrane?

A

act like a door to let in big molecules

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4
Q

What do carbohydrates do in the cell membrane?

A

act as identifiers

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5
Q

What does cholesterol do in the cell membrane?

A

keeps the consistency of the membrane consistent when the temperature changes

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6
Q

What do cell membranes do?

A

help maintain homeostasis controlling what substances may enter or exit the cell

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7
Q

What is passive transport?

A

some molecules can enter the cell without any input of ATP (energy); molecules move from high to low concentration; go with the concentration gradient

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8
Q

What are the 3 kinds of passive transport?

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Osmosis
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9
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of molecules in an area of high concentration to low concentration.

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10
Q

What is the concentration gradient?

A

the difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance

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11
Q

At what point will molecules stop diffusing?

A

when they reach equilibrium

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12
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

the equal concentration of molecules throughout

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13
Q

What is let in through the cell membrane?

A

small, polar molecules (like O2 and CO2)

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14
Q

What is stopped at the cell membrane?

A

large (glucose C6H12O6), non-polar molecules (lipids) like ions Na+ Cl-

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15
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

a process by which large molecules must enter the cell via a carrier protein (happens to glucose)

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16
Q

What determines what molecule a carrier protein transports?

A

shape

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17
Q

How are ion channels triggered to open?

A

stretching the membrane, electrical signals, or chemical in the cytoplasm

18
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the passive transport of water across a membrane

19
Q

What causes osmosis?

A

when particles cannot move to reach equilibrium, the water will move to equalize the ratio between the number of particles and the number of water molecules

20
Q

What’s the rule for salt and water?

A

wherever salt is, water will follow

21
Q

What are the 3 directions of water movement?

A
  1. Hypotonic
  2. Hypertonic
  3. Isotonic
22
Q

What is hypotonic movement?

A

more solutes (salt) inside the cell than outside the cell; water will flow in; cell’s volumes increases

23
Q

What is hypertonic movement?

A

more solutes (salt) outside the cell than inside the cell; water flows out of the cell; cell’s volume decreases

24
Q

What is isotonic movement?

A

solutes (salt) are equal inside and outside the cell; water flows equally; volume stays the same

25
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

happens in a hypotonic environment where plants bring water into their roots and the water adds pressure to the cell wall

26
Q

What is cytolic pressure (cytolisis)?

A

happens when animal cells are in hypotonic environments and the cell swells so much that it bursts (pressure from the cytoplasm)

27
Q

What is plasmolic pressure (plasmolysis)?

A

happens when animal cells are in a hypertonic environment and when water flows out of the cell, it is crushed by the external pressure

28
Q

What do contractile vacuoles do?

A

they are a specialized organelle that pumps out extra water; a part of organisms in a hypotonic environment (water is flowing in them all the time) so that they don’t explode

29
Q

What is active transport?

A

happens when cells need to move materials from an area of low concentration to high concentration, which requires ATP (against concentration gradient)

30
Q

What are pumps?

A

transport proteins that pump materials against the concentration gradient

31
Q

What is an example of a pump?

A

sodium-potassium pump: 3 Na go in, 2 K come out

32
Q

Why do pumps need to be shielded from the lipid tails?

A

polarity

33
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

process by which substances in the cell are released by a vesicle; once the golgi has modified the protein, it will create a vesicle that will move through the cytoplasm and then become a part of the membrane, releasing the substance

34
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

process by which substances enter the cell

35
Q

What are the 2 types of endocytosis?

A
  1. phagocytosis - solids enter the cell
  2. pinocytosis - liquids enter the cell
36
Q

What are phagocytes (cells)?

A

filled with enzymes and break up bacteria

37
Q

What kind of cell transport are protein channels and ion channels a part of?

A

facilitated diffusion

38
Q

Which solution would be isotonic for a human cell?

A

saline

39
Q

Plants’ roots are full of

A

salt

40
Q

Exo- and Endo-cytosis are an example of what kind of cell transport?

A

active

9 Biology (5 decks)

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