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anatomy > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Which vessels move blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

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2
Q

Which vessels bring blood back to the heart?

A

veins

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3
Q

In which vessels does nutrient exchange occur?

A

capillaries

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4
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessel walls (interior –> exterior)?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

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5
Q

What is the space where blood flows through the vessel called?

A

lumen

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6
Q

Which layer of the blood vessel is absent in smaller vessels?

A

tunica externa

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7
Q

Which layer contains an abundance of collagen, elastin, and neurons?

A

tunica externa

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the small blood vessels found in the tunica externa of large vessels?

A

supply nutrients

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9
Q

What type of tissue is the tunica intima comprised of?

A

simple squamous epithelial

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10
Q

What type of tissue is the tunica media comprised of?

A

smooth muscle

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11
Q

What is the name of the structure that controls blood flow into capillary beds?

A

pre capillary sphincters

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12
Q

Why are the pre capillary sphincters important?

A

if there was blood flow through the capillaries all the time, your body would essentially run out of blood. there isn’t enough for it to be flowing everywhere all the time so being able to constrict the vessel is crucial

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13
Q

What are the vessels found in the venous system (small –> big)?

A

venules and viens

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14
Q

Why do veins have a larger lumen than arteries?

A

so there is less resistance to flow

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15
Q

What causes the valves in veins to shut?

A

blood movement in the wrong direction

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16
Q

What are the two pumps that push blood in the correct direction through the veins?

A

skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump

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17
Q

What is the job of the skeletal muscle pump?

A

propel blood out of the limbs using micro contractions over time

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18
Q

What is the job of the respiratory pump?

A

moves blood in abdomen into heart/thoracic cavity

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19
Q

How does the respiratory pump work?

A

works as long as your breathing, diaphragm creates pressure differences

20
Q

What is circulation?

A

amount of blood flow in a minute

21
Q

Describe global circulation.

A

flow through the whole body in one minute (aka cardiac output)

22
Q

Describe regional circulation.

A

flow through a certain part of your body (kidney, etc)

23
Q

Describe local circulation.

A

flow through a single capillary (or other vessel)

24
Q

How do you calculate flow?

A

flow=change in pressure/resistance

25
Q

What is resistance?

A

opposition to blood flow

26
Q

What are factors that influence resistance?

A

vessel diameter, turbulence, vessel length, viscosity of blood

27
Q

How does vasodilation affect blood flow?

A

decreases resistance; increases flow

28
Q

How does vasoconstriction affect blood flow?

A

increases resistance; decreases flow

29
Q

What causes turbulence?

A

branches in vessels or buildup of plaque/cholesterol

30
Q

Why is obesity a cause of hypertension?

A

longer vessel=more resistance; when you gain weight, longer vessels are formed to supply nutrients to new vessels

31
Q

What is a normal blood pressure?

A

120/80

32
Q

What constitutes hypertension?

A

BP > 140/90

33
Q

What can cause your blood pressure to temporarily rise?

A

exercise, fever, anger

34
Q

What constitutes hypotension?

A

BP < 90/60

35
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

when you stand up to quickly causing your blood pressure to drop instantly

36
Q

What is circulatory shock?

A

extremely low blood pressure that is usually caused by blood loos, extreme dehydration, or an immune response

37
Q

Which types of immune responses lead to circulatory shock?

A

anaphylactic shock (allergen) and septic shock (bacterial infection in the blood)

38
Q

What happens to your vessels when you go into circulatory shock?

A

systemic dilation… all your vessels dilate at the same time and blood ultimately stops moving (treated with epinephrine to cause constriction)

39
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

receptors that measure BP at different places in the body

40
Q

What do aortic arch baroreceptors measure?

A

BP to your body

41
Q

What do carotid baroreceptors measure?

A

BP to your brain (more crucial)

42
Q

What happens if the BP in your brain is too low?

A

syncope (fainting)

43
Q

Which hormones cause BP to rise?

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone

44
Q

Which hormone decreases BP?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

45
Q

When there is more blood in the system is there more or less H2O present?

A

more

46
Q

How do kidneys affect blood pressure?

A

decide whether to push salt into urine or blood… water follows salt so if your body needs more blood it will push salt into blood and vice versa

anatomy (10 decks)

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