Circulatory System Flashcards
___________ link exchange surfaces with cells through the body
Circulatory system
How many cells apart can diffusion take place
2
Is diffusion a fast or slow process?
Slow
Do amoeba or hydra need a circulatory system? Why or why not?
No they do not because they are two or less cells wide
Single or double celled organisms use ________ exchange with the environment.
What does this apply for (2)
Direct
Applies to both food/waste and respiratory gas
What are the three necessities for circulatory systems?
Pump, something to pump, tubes to transport
What is the fluid in the circulatory system? (2)
Blood(humans) and hemolymph(insects)
What are the tubes that transport the blood?
Arteries and veins
What are arteries and what blood do they carry?
Take oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
What are veins and what blood do they carry?
Take deoxygenated blood back to the heart
What is the muscular pump in the circulatory system?
Heart
What are the two types of circulatory systems?
Open and closed
What is an open circulatory system?
No distinction between blood and interstitial fluids
What is the name of the fluid in open circulatory systems? What does it do?
Hemolymph
Bathes organs
What are some animals with an open circulatory system?
Insects
Arthropods (crab and lobster)
Mollusks (clams)
What are sinuses?
Interconnected chambers containing cells
Where is hemolymph located in open circulatory systems
Sinuses
What makes up hemolymph
Mixture of blood and fluid
What helps move hemolymph around the body?
Body movements (compress the animal)
What happens when the heart is relaxed in an open circulatory system
Blood and fluid is reabsorbed
The valves in an open circulatory system are what?
Directional
What is a closed circulatory system
Complete circle of the system
What is the fluid in a closed circulatory system
Blood
Where is the blood? Is it mixed with interstitial fluid?
Confined in blood vessels
Distinct from interstitial fluid
Closed systems are ___________ at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells
More efficient
What animals have closed circulatory systems
Earthworms and all vertebrates
Describe the simple closed circulatory system of a worm
Blood goes from the heart to small branch vessels in each organ. Blood is then returned to the heart
True or false…. The worm has multiple hearts
True
Which system has more pressure?
Closed circulatory system
Which system requires more energy
Closed circulatory system
How do body movements effect closed circulatory system
Help move blood around body
Which system generally aids to a larger body sized animal?
Closed circulatory system
How does the blood flow in each system?
Open- fall into openings
Closed- moves throughout the body in valves
What are the different types of closed circulatory systems? Which type of animal has each?
- Single circulation (fish, sharks, rays)
2. Double circulation (amphibian and mammal)
How many chambers does a fish heart have?
2
What are the names of the capillary beds the blood passes through in a fish? How many are there?
2 capillary beds
Gill and body capillaries
Does blood pressure increase or decrease at the gills? Why?
Decrease because there is no extra push from the heart
Why are muscle contractions so important in fish
Help push blood through the body
Does a fish heart contain oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated
Where does blood get oxygen in a fish?
Gills
How many chambers are in an amphibian heart
3
What is the name of the middle section in the amphibian heart
Ventricular ridge
Is there mixing between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart in amphibians?
Very little is mixed
When submerged under water, frog blood flow to the lungs is nearly shut off. Why?
Small capillaries near the surface of the skin allow for oxygen to defuse into the blood
What are the two capillary beds in an amphibian
Lungs/skin and systemic
What is another name for the amphibian lung/skin capillaries. What is another name for the systemic capillaries?
Pulmocutaneous circuit
Systemic circuit
How many chambers does a human heart have
4
What is the name of the tissue that separates the heart?
Septum
True or false… a pump is involved in each circuit of a mammalian heart
True
What are the names of the capillary beds in a mammalian heart? What does each one do?
Lungs- gas exchange takes place
Systemic- push blood to the rest of the body
What are the two circuits in a mammalian heart?
Pulmonary (lungs) and systemic (body systems)
_________ circulation maintains greater blood pressure in the organs than does _________ circulation
Double
Single
Which closed circulation has the highest pressure? Which has the lowest?
Highest- mammalian double circulation
Lowest- fish single circulation
Which form of circulation has the best degree of oxygenation
Single circulation
Which circulation has the highest metabolic rate
Double circulation mammal
Which circulation allows for a larger body size?
Double circulation mammal
What are the types of blood vessels in mammalian heart
Arteries and arterioles (oxygenated)
Capillaries and capillary beds (connect arteries to veins)
Veins and venules (deoxygenated)
What is the direction of blood flow?
Unidirectional
What is the pathway of blood to and from the heart
- Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava
- Blood is pushed through the right atrium to the right ventricle
- Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery to go to the lung
- Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and is returned to the heart via pulmonary vein
- Blood enters the left atrium from the pulmonary vein
- Blood is pushed into the left ventricle then out the heart via the aorta
- Blood is moved throughout the body where it loses oxygen and returns to the heart via the superior or inferior vena cava
Which is a vein? Which is an artery? (Vena cava and aorta)
Vein- vena cava
Artery- aorta
