Circulatory Disturbances - EDEMA

Question 1

What is Hydrothorax?

Answer 1

Hydrothorax is…Fluid in the thoracic cavity

Question 2

What is Pitting Edema?

Answer 2

When pressure is applied to an area of edema a depression or dent results as excessive interstitial fluid is forced to adjacent areas

Question 3

What type of Edema is Pericardial Effusion?

Answer 3

Inflammatory Edema - fluid is clear with flakes of fibrin floating around - it is an EXUDATE

Question 4

What type of fluid is present in Ascites or Hydroperitoneum?

Answer 4

TRANSUDATE

Question 5

What is Anasarca?

Answer 5

Generalized

edema with profuse accumulation of fluid within the subcutaneous tissue

Question 6

Submandibular edema (“bottle jaw”), is commonly associated with severe GI parasitism and hypoproteinemia in sheep...what Parasite causes this?


Answer 6

REMEMBER EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED!

Haemonchus contortis

Question 7

What are 2 categories of Pulmonary Edema?

Answer 7

1. Non-Inflammatory - refers to as a “transudate”
   Ex: Associated with Left-sided CHF
2. Inflammatory -Increased vascular permeability – refers as an “exudate”
   Ex: Damage to pulmonary capilarry endothelium - - pneumonia

Question 8

What does ARDS stand for? Describe what happens with ARDS and its Pathogenesis?

Answer 8

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Sudden, diffuse and direct - increase in vascular permeability: high fatality rate - followed by pneumonia if the animal survives

Question 9

There are loads of Images for Pulmonary Edema in “Circulatory Disturbances Part 1” that I am too lazy to input…

Answer 9

GO LOOK AT THEM NOW!

Question 10

What are the Characteristics of Chronic Pulmonary Edema?

Answer 10

 Alveolar walls become thickened - may lead to fibrosis

 Congestion, micro-hemorrhages - and accumulation of heart failure cells

Question 11

Chronic Pulmonary Edema is commonly associated with….

Answer 11

Cardiac Failure

Question 12

Describe the HISTOLOGICAL appearance of Edema…

Answer 12

 Clear or pale eosinophilic staining depending on whether is non-inflammatory or inflammatory edema.
 Spaces are distended
 Blood vessels may be filled with
red blood cells
 Lymphatics are dilated
 Collagen bundles are separated

Question 13

Describe the GROSS appearance of Edema…

Answer 13

 Wet
 Gelatinous and heavy
 Swollen organs
 Fluid weeps from cut surfaces - May be yellow

Question 14

How many nucleated cells are present in Inflammatory Edema?

Answer 14

less than 7,000 cells per μl.

Question 15

How many cells are present in Non-Inflammatory Edema?

Answer 15

less than 1,500 cells per μl.

Question 16

When you see a sheep with “bottle jaw”…what is the parasite you automatically think of?

Answer 16

Haemonchus contortus

Question 17

Non-inflammatory edema is associated with…

Answer 17

left-sided heart failure

Question 18

Damage to pulmonary capillary endothelium is associated with…

Answer 18

Inflammatory edema

Question 19

What is ARDS?

Answer 19

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 20

What happens during ARDS?

Answer 20

Sudden, diffuse, direct increase in vascular permeability