CELLS

Question 1

Describe what has happened in the bronchi when there is a build-up of neutrophils within them…

Answer 1

Collection of Neutrophils and Fibrin within the bronchi are undergoing degeneration - granulating and dying - debris from the damaged epithelium, mucus, etc. will be within the tissues.

Question 2

True/False: Neutrophils in Tissues look like Neutrophils in Plasma.

Answer 2

False! Neutrophils look way different in tissues!

Question 3

Functions of Neutrophils:

Answer 3

Phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory substances.

Question 4

What is the purpose of phagocytosis?

Answer 4

to ingest, neutralize, and destroy the ingested particle (when possible)

Question 5

Where are eosinophils abundant?

Answer 5

Sites of inflammation in disease of immunologic, parasitic or allergic origin.

Question 6

Function of eosinophils:

Answer 6

Effector Cells for KILLING Parasites!

Question 7

What are the colors of the granules in eosinophils? They have affinity for what dye?

Answer 7

Pink

The acid dye: Eosin - - they have coarse cytoplasmic granules

Question 8

Describe the size of the 2 types of Eosinophilic Granules…

Answer 8

Primary: small
Secondary: large, specific
(very important in Parasite Killing)

Question 9

What PROTEINS help with Parasite Killing in Eosinophils? Describe their functions…

Answer 9

Eosinophilic cationic protein - shortens coagulation time and alters fibrinolysis
Major basic protein - causes histamine release - will have a synergic reaction with mast cells

Question 10

In the tissues of a horse with dermatitis, what color are the eosinophilic granules?

Answer 10

They look RED.

Question 11

Functions of Eosinophils…(3)

Answer 11

Modulate hypersensitivity reactions ‐ especially Immediate type
Defense against helminthic infestations
Phagocytic but less active phagocytes than neutrophils

Question 12

Macrophages are derived from…

Answer 12

Circulating Blood Monocyte of Bone Marrow Origin

Question 13

What is another place macrophages may originate from?

Answer 13

Immature Resident Mononuclear Phagocytes in the tissue (which are also of Bone Marrow origin)

Question 14

How much longer do macrophages remain in circulation compared to neutrophils?

Answer 14

Up to 72 hrs

Question 15

What do blood monocytes require before they can achieve their maximal functional competence?

Answer 15

they require activation under the influence of various chemical mediators

Question 16

How long can macrophages stay in tissues?

Answer 16

30-60 days

Question 17

What does the process of activation of macrophages result in? (4)

Answer 17

– an increase in cell size
– increased levels of lysosomal enzymes – Increased metabolism
– greater ability to phagocytose and kill ingested microbes

Question 18

What system are macrophages a part of?

Answer 18

Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Question 19

What are the Functions of Macrophages? (4)

Answer 19

PHAGOCYTOSIS: macrophages are the major scavengers in the inflammatory response
MODULATION of inflammatory and repair processes.
REGULATION of immune response (important effector cells in certain delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses).
PRODUCTION of interleukin‐1, (IL‐1)