Circulatory And Respiratory System

Question 1

What is diffusion?

Answer 1

The process by which gaseous exchange occurs.

Question 2

How does diffusion work?

Answer 2

The movement of particles from an area where there is a high concentration to where there is a low concentration.

Question 3

Explain the diffusion of gases in the lung.

Answer 3

Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries. The two gases which diffuse between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries are oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 4

How does oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in the lungs?

Answer 4

Oxygen diffuses into the cells of the alveolus and then into the blood in capillaries.
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood and into the cells of the alveolus, then into the air.

Question 5

What is felt as your heart beat?

Answer 5

The heart pumping the blood around your body by rhythmic, repeated contractions.

Question 6

Where does the deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

Answer 6

Through the superior and inferior vena cava, into the right atrium.

Question 7

Where does the deoxygenated blood travel to from the right atrium?

Answer 7

Into the right ventricle through the tricuspid value.

Question 8

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the right ventricle?

Answer 8

Through the semi lunar into the palmanery artery.

Question 9

Where does the deoxygenated blood go from the palmanery artery?

Answer 9

To the lungs where the carbon dioxide is exhaled.

Question 10

How does the deoxygenated blood become oxygenated?

Answer 10

When you inhale oxygen.

Question 11

Where does the oxygenated blood travel from the lungs?

Answer 11

Through the pulmanery veins into the left atrium.

Question 12

Where does the oxygenated blood travel from the left atrium?

Answer 12

Through the bicuspid value into the left ventricle.

Question 13

Where does the oxygenated blood travel from the left ventricle?

Answer 13

Through the semi-lunar valve into the aorta.

Question 14

What does the aorta do?

Answer 14

Takes the oxygenated blood back to all the cells in the body.

Question 15

What do arteries do? (2)

Answer 15

Transport blood away from the heart.

Transport oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arteries)

Question 16

Why do arteries have strong muscular walls?

Answer 16

They carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Question 17

What do veins do?

Answer 17

Transport blood towards the heart.

Transport deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins.

Question 18

Is the blood pressure in the veins higher or lower than the arteries?

Answer 18

The blood is flowing back to the heart, and therefor the blood pressure in the veins is much lower.

Question 19

What do capillaries do?

Answer 19

They form webs or networks around each cell to ensure that all cells receive nutrients and oxygen.

Question 20

Are capillaries bigger or smaller than veins and arteries?

Answer 20

Much smaller.

Question 21

What is breathing?

Answer 21

The process in which oxygen is inhaled.

Question 22

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 22

When the mitochondria use oxygen to respire within cells.

Question 23

Explain the process of cellular respiration.(3)

Answer 23

The mitochondria combine oxygen with food particles, such as glucose.
Energy from the food particles is released and can be used by the cell to perform various processes.
During cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is released as a by-product.

Question 24

What happens to the carbon dioxide that’s released as a by-product of cellular respiration?

Answer 24

The carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells back into the blood in the capillaries.
This blood therefore becomes deoxygenated as oxygen has been removed and carbon dioxide is added.

Question 25

What takes place during inhalation? (5)

Answer 25

• Rib cage moves upward + outward
• Diaphragm contract + flattens causing it to move downwards.
• Chest volume increases + pressure decreases.
• Lungs become bigger.
• Allows air into extra space inside lungs.

Question 26

What takes place during exhalation? (5)

Answer 26

• Rib cage moves downward + inward.
• Diaphragm relaxes causing it to become more dome-shaped.
• Chest volume decreases + pressure increases.
• Lungs squeezed smaller
• Forces air out of lungs.

Question 27

Name the components of the respiratory system. (5)

Answer 27

Mouth and nose.
Trachea.
Bronchi.
Lungs.
Diaphragm.

Question 28

What takes place in the mouth and nose during respiration?

Answer 28

Oxygen rich air enters the body through the mouth and nose.

Question 29

Why is it better to breathe air through the nose?

Answer 29

Filters the air as it passes through.

Question 30

What is the trachea?

Answer 30

A tube that allows air to flow from the mouth into the bronchi.

Question 31

What keeps the trachea open?

Answer 31

C-shaped rings of cartilage.

Question 32

What happens when dust particles and micro-organisms in the air enter the trachea during inhalation?

Answer 32

Mucus that lines the trachea traps dust, and tiny little hairs called cilia will sweep them up.

Question 33

What are bronchi?

Answer 33

Two air tubes that the trachea splits into, that connect to each of the lungs.

Question 34

What are the lungs made up of?

Answer 34

Alveoli

Question 35

What are alveoli surrounded by?

Answer 35

Capillaries

Question 36

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 36

A dome shaped muscle below the lungs which enables you to breathe.

Question 37

Where does oxygen defuse from?

Answer 37

The alveolus (high concentration), into the blood in the capillary (low concentration).

Question 38

Where does carbon dioxide diffuse from?

Answer 38

From the blood in the capillary (high concentration) into the alveolus (low concentration).