Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

The smallest functional unit of all living organisms.

Question 2

What are the two main types of organisms based on the structures of their cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells.

Question 3

What are cells that contain a nuclear classified as?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

What are cells without a nuclear classified as?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells.

Question 5

What’s an example of an organism with prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Bacteria.

Question 6

We can say that your cells are …….. to perform a specific function.

Answer 6

Specialised.

Question 7

What are some common structures all cells have? (3)

Answer 7

• A cell membrane.
• Cytoplasm
• A nucleus (in most Eukaryotic cells.)

Question 8

What is an organelle?

Answer 8

A specialised structure within the cell that performs a function for the cell.

Question 9

Name two examples of organelles in cells?

Answer 9

Vacuoles and mitochondria.

Question 10

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 10

A thin layer that encloses the cells contents and separates the cell from its environment.

Question 11

What does the cell membrane control?

Answer 11

It controls which substances are allowed to enter and leave the cell. (Selectively permeable)

Question 12

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

It include all living parts of the cell within the membrane, excluding the nucleus.

Question 13

What is the cytoplasm made up of?

Answer 13

The cytoplasm is made up of the cytosol and the cell organelles.

Question 14

What is the cytosol?

Answer 14

A watery, jelly-like medium made of 70%-90% water and is usually colourless.

Question 15

What also takes place in the cytosol?

Answer 15

Many chemical reactions.

Question 16

Which cell organelles make up the cytoplasm?

Answer 16

Mitochondria, chloroplasts and vacuoles?

Question 17

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 17

It controls all the processes and chemical reactions that take place inside the cell.

Question 18

What does the nucleus also contain?

Answer 18

The cell’s genetic material which is arranged into long DNA molecules.

Question 19

Describe the nucleus structure.

Answer 19

• A double membrane called the nuclear membrane encloses the DNA. Nuclear membrane contains pores.
• A nucleolus inside the nucleus.
• The DNA which contains information about inherited characteristics (hereditary).

Question 20

What is the difference in DNA that occurs between individuals called?

Answer 20

Variation.

Question 21

What process takes place in the mitochondria?

Answer 21

Cellular respiration.

Question 22

What’s the difference between the shape of plant and animal cells?

Answer 22

Animal cells often have a more irregular shape.

Plant cells have a more regular rigid shape.

Question 23

What is the cell wall?

Answer 23

The additional layer in plant cells surrounding the cell on the outside of the cell membrane.

Question 24

What is the main compound that the cell wall is formed from?

Answer 24

Cellulose.

Question 25

What does cellulose help do?

Answer 25

Helps maintain the shape of the plant cell allowing the plant to remain rigid and upright even if it grows really tall.

Question 26

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 26

The only cell organelles that can produce food from the sun’s energy.(plant cells)

Question 27

Why are chloroplasts able to photosynthesise?

Answer 27

They contain chlorophyll.

Question 28

What are vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 28

Usually quite large organelles that occupy as much as 90% of the cell’s volume.

Question 29

What does a full vacuole result in?

Answer 29

A Turgid cell and therefor plant.

Question 30

What is the function of epithelial cells?

Answer 30

They cover the surface of the body for protection.

Question 31

What is the function of muscle cells?

Answer 31

They can contract and relax allowing for movement within your body.

Question 32

What is the function of nerve cells?

Answer 32

Nerve cells are specialised to carry messages that coordinate the functions of the body.

Question 33

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 33

Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Question 34

What are stem cells?

Answer 34

Unspecialised cells which can divide and develop into many different types of specialised cells.

Question 35

What are organisms that are made of one cell?

Answer 35

Unicellular.

Question 36

What are organisms made of many cells?

Answer 36

Multicellular.

Question 37

What are microscopic organisms?

Answer 37

One cell organisms that can only be seen with the help of a microscope.

Question 38

What are macroscopic organisms?

Answer 38

They consist of many cells and are visible to the naked eye.

Question 39

Name the levels of organisation.

Answer 39

Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems