circulations

Question 1

what does the left common carotid supply?

Answer 1

left side of head and neck

Question 2

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

Answer 2

right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

Question 3

at what vertebral level does the common carotid bifurcate?

Answer 3

C4 — upper border or thyroid

Question 4

what does the left common carotid divide into?

Answer 4

bifurcates in neck into left external and internal carotid arteries

Question 5

what do the left external and internal arteries supply?

Answer 5

external — many structures in face and neck

internal — brain

Question 6

what does the vertebral artery arise from and what does it supply?

Answer 6

• arises from subclavian artery

- supplies brain

Question 7

what are located at bifurcation of common carotid?

Answer 7

carotid sinus and carotid bodies — monitor arterial stretch

Question 8

identify A-D

Answer 8

A - right internal jugular
B - right external jugular
C - right subclavian vein
D - right brachiocephalic vein

Question 9

what unites to from the right brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 9

right internal jugular and right subclavian

Question 10

describe systemic circulation of upper limb

Answer 10

subclavian artery —> axillary artery —> brachial artery —> radial and ulna arteries

Question 11

where do the left and right subclavian arteries arise from?

Answer 11

right - brachiocephalic trunk

left - aortic arch

Question 12

where does the subclavian artery become to axillary artery?

Answer 12

lateral border of 1st rib

Question 13

where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 13

inferior border of teres major

Question 14

where does the brachial artery terminate?

Answer 14

in the cubital fossa by bifurcation into the radial and ulna arteries

Question 15

where does the descending thoracic aorta arise and then pass through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

Answer 15

• arises at T5

- passes through at T12

Question 16

what does the descending thoracic aorta give rise to?

Answer 16

oesophageal, bronchial and posterior intercostal arteries

Question 17

where does the renal vein lie in comparison to the renal artery?

Answer 17

renal vein lies anterior

Question 18

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate and what does it bifurcate into?

Answer 18

bifurcates into right common iliac and left common iliac at L4

Question 19

where do the right and left renal arteries arise?

Answer 19

L1

Question 20

where does the right renal artery pass in relation to the IVC to get to the right kidney?

Answer 20

passes posterior to the IVC

Question 21

what unites to form the IVC and at what level?

Answer 21

left and right common iliac veins at L5

Question 22

what crosses the abdominal aorta in order to drain into the IVC?

Answer 22

left renal vein

Question 23

what do the left internal and external iliacs supply?

Answer 23

internal — organs, walls of pelvis and perineum

external — lower limb

Question 24

where does the external iliac become the femoral artery?

Answer 24

as it passes under the inguinal ligament

Question 25

where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 25

in the popliteal fossa (back of knee)

Question 26

what does the femoral artery pass through to get to the popliteal fossa?

Answer 26

adductor hiatus

Question 27

name A-H

Answer 27

``` A - external iliac B - femoral artery C - deep femoral artery D - popliteal artery E - anterior tibial artery F - dorsal pedis G - posterior tibial artery H - peroneal artery ```

Question 28

deep veins of lower limb

Answer 28

Question 29

superficial veins of lower limb

Answer 29

Question 30

what does the internal thoracic (mammary) artery arise from?

Answer 30

subclavian artery

Question 31

where does the internal thoracic artery arise from, terminate and what does it give rise to?

Answer 31

- arises from the subclavian artery | - terminates at the level of the 6th rib by bifurcating into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries

Question 32

what does the hemiazygos vein drain? where does it drain into?

Answer 32

the lower 4 left IC spaces — drains into azygos vein

Question 33

what does accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 33

commonly the 4th-8th IC spaces

Question 34

label A -F

Answer 34

``` A = external iliac artery B = femoral artery C = profunda femoris artery D = popliteal artery E = anterior tibial artery F = peroneal artery ```

Question 35

what does the small cardiac vein travel with?

Answer 35

marginal artery

Question 36

what does the great cardiac vein travel with?

Answer 36

LAD

Question 37

what does the middle cardiac vein travel with?

Answer 37

posterior descending

Question 38

where is the venous angle? what drains into the left and right venous angles?

Answer 38

= at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins - right and left lymphatic ducts

Question 39

the thoracic duct is on what side of the aorta?

Answer 39

RHS

Question 40

what is the cysterna chyli?

Answer 40

the dilated sac that forms the start of the thoracic duct

Question 41

where does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 41

T12

Question 42

at what spinal level does the arch of the aorta terminate to become the descending aorta?

Answer 42

T4

Question 43

what vessels originate from the aortic sinuses?

Answer 43

coronary arteries

Question 44

what vessel supplies the anterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 44

internal thoracic artery

Question 45

what does ST elevation is leads V1-V4 indicate?

Answer 45

anteroseptal stemi — LAD AFFECTED