CI's, Effects, Properties of Hydrotherapy Flashcards
General Contraindications of Hydrotherapy
- fear of water
- client is unconscious
- clients condition is unknown or unclear
- extremes of temperature in the seriously ill
General Effects of Water
- thermal effects
- chemical effects
- mechanical effects
Van’t Hoffs Law
For every 10 degrees C increase in internal temperature there is an increase in chemical reactions in the blood by 2-3 times
Local Effects
- increasing or decreasing blood flow
- altering immune responses
- improving pliability to a specific area or body part
Reflex Effects
A reaction in response to a stimulus that is applied to the periphery of the body but enacted in a deeper structure through the mediation of the CNS
Vasomotor (reflex)
stimulus affects smooth muscle of the blood vessels
-constriction or dilation of blood vessels
Visceromotor (reflex)
effects on the smooth muscle tissue of the viscera
-movement within an organ
Glandular (reflex)
-effects on glandular secretions
General effects of water
- arterial trunk reflex
- systemic effects
- contralateral effects
Arterial Trunk Relex
-whatever effect temperature therapy has on a larger artery will conveyed to smaller blood vessels branching off the primary artery
Systemic Effects
-Applies to temperature therapies of the WHOLE BODY
Contralateral Effect
-A temperature therapy applied to the extremity on one side will reflexively effect the extremity on the other side
Heat Capacity (thermal Property)
Ability to absorb or release heat
-water changes from liquid to gas at 100 degress C
Heat Conductivity (thermal Property
-to move heat to and from an area
Mechanical Properties
- Water resistance
- buoyancy
- hydrostatic pressure
Water Resistance (mechanical property)
-includes the use of percussive force or friction in combination with water
Buoyancy (mechanical property)
-when immersed in water, about 90% of body weight is displaced
Hydrostatic Pressure
-force exerted on the body when immersed in water
Chemical properties
- Solubility
- Stability
Solubility (chemical property)
-Water in any of its forms is the most efficient liquid to dissolve or carry ingredients
Stability (chemical property)
-water can readily change from a solid to a liquid to a vapour- safe and easily adaptable
Specific Properties of Water
- specific heat
- thermal conductivity
Heat exchange Radiation
-The transfer of heart between objects with no direct contract
Heat exchange Evaporation
-The conversion of a liquid to vapour
Heat exchange Conduction
-The exchange of heat between two surfaces that are in direct contract with each other
Heat exchange Convection
-Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another
Heat exchange Conversion
-No externally applied heat- energy courses through a substance to cause heat
Negative reaction to treatment occur because..
- a hot or contract treatment
- a treatment of any temperature that is too long
- too short of incomplete
- person was chilled prior
- weak or tired person
- too intense or not used to hydrotherapy
- room temp
- client nervous
- client under the influence
- too long or incorrect treatment
Negative reactions….
- shivering
- dizziness
- low or high blood pressure
- headache
- nausea
- hyperventilation
- disorientation
- feeling faint
- other feeling of illness
Negative reaction what to do
- stop treatment and have client breath slowly and deeply
- prescribe bed rest with blankets
Negative reaction of pale face
-elevate feet
Negative reaction of red and swollen face
raise clients head
How long do negative reactions typically last
15-20 min
How long to wait for treatment after a negative reaction?
-3-4 hours
Very cold
0-9 C
Cold
10-18 C
Cool
19-22 C
Tepid
23-31 C
Neutral
32-35 C
-temperature of the skin
Warm
36-38 C
-for optimal therapeutic results
Hot
39-42 C
-for sweating treatments
Very Hot
43-48 C
- Max skin tolerance
- blitz guss, Japense baths
Scalding
49-56 C
Burning
60 C
Cell destruction
72
Short hot
10-20 minutes
-therapeutic relaxing effects
Prolonged hot
1-2 hours
-net vascular response is long vasoconstriction; exhausting, depressive effects
Short cold
5-60 sec
-stimulating effects in daily health care; boosts immune system
Prolonged cold
10-20 minutes
1-2 hr or overnight
-sedative effects
Treatment variables
- body type
- age
- general health
- dosimetry
body type
Small-thin; hot treatments
Large-stalky; cold treatment
Age
-Children and elderly people ; shorter duration and less extreme temp.
General health
- Active, athletic people; respond quickly to any stimuli, great extremes in temp are not required
- particularly fit: respond positivity to all properly admin. treatments
Dosimetry
The accurate determination of the appropriate dosage of treatment
- area
- temperature
- static or dynamic
- speed of temp
- duration
- frequency and time of day
- additives
- post-treatment activities
Retrostasis
-The diversion of blood from the surface of vessels of the skin to the interior of the body
Derivation
-The action of drawing blood from one are, to the surface of a distal area, in order to relieve congestion elsewhere or to stimulate blood flow to the area being treated
What is Fomentations
- hot moist compresses either encased in, or covered with dry covering
- always finish with cold wash to restore pH balance
Effects of Fomentations
- increase local circulation
- decrease pain (sedates nerves)
- warm and relaxes muscles
Uses of Fomentations
- chronic pain
- muscle spasms, aches, pains, tight fascia
- warm a chilled client
- sciatica, lumbago
- cramping
- bronchitis
- helps draw pustulent matter to the surface
Contraindications of Fomentations
- CV problems
- Acute conditions
- Diabetes
- Paralysis
