CHS 4 PPT

Question 1

Population Health Fundamentals

Answer 1

A framework for gathering and analyzing information about conditions impacting the health outcomes of a population. Goal: improving population health and reducing health disparities among groups.

Question 2

Benefits of Population Health Fundamentals

Answer 2

Building sustainable and integrated healthcare systems.
Increasing national growth and productivity.
Strengthening social cohesion and citizen involvement in healthcare.

Question 3

Incorporated Components:

Answer 3

Public health initiatives.
Health promotion.
Disease prevention.
Concept of wellness.

Question 4

Population Health vs. Public Health

Answer 4

Comparison: Often used interchangeably but are distinct entities with a shared foundation.

Question 5

Population Health

Studies population health scientifically
Prevents disease, promotes good health
Analyzes info, makes recommendations for group health

Answer 5

Public Health

Uses health info to prevent disease for target population
Implements health strategies
Executes recommendations from population health studies

Question 6

1974 - Lalonde Report
Acknowledged health influenced by biology, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare organization.
1978 - Alma-Ata Conference
Defined health as a fundamental right; emphasized strategies for enhancing primary care.
1986 - Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Expanded health factors beyond Lalonde Report, including social justice, peace, education, and more.
1986 - The Epp Report
Emphasized the responsibility of government in managing healthcare costs for equitable access.
1987-2003 - Public Health Program Initiative
CIFAR introduced interconnected health factors and their impact on health outcomes.
1996 - Toward a Healthy Future Report
Stressed the need for government and business to enhance Canadians’ health through various strategies.
1994-1997 - National Forum on Health
Emphasized evidence-based approaches to support health improvement initiatives.

Answer 6

Lalonde Report
Influences on health beyond biology.
Alma-Ata Conference
Health as a fundamental right; emphasis on primary care strategies.
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Expanded health factors, including social justice and peace.
Epp Report
Government’s role in managing healthcare costs for equitable access.
Public Health Program Initiative
CIFAR’s introduction of interconnected health factors.
Toward a Healthy Future Report
Government and business strategies for improving health.
National Forum on Health
Advocacy for evidence-based health initiatives.

Question 7

Kirby & Romanow Reports
Reports’ Significance

Answer 7

Analyzed Canadian health with population health approach
Initiated united population health approach for better Canadian health

Question 8

-Determinants of Health
-Living Conditions
-Multiple Interactions
Ever-changing Health

Answer 8

-Factors influencing health for individuals, groups, and communities
-Affect present and future health outcomes
-Health influenced by the interplay of various determinants
-Health influenced by dynamic factor

Question 9

Key Determinants of Health

Answer 9

Income and social status
Social support networks
Education and literacy levels
Employment
Social environment
Physical environment
Person health practices
Child development
Biology and genetics
Health services
Gender
Culture

Question 10

Income and Social Status
Appears to be the most important determinant of health

Answer 10

Lower socioeconomic status linked to poorer health and earlier death
Higher status correlates with better health (though not universally true)
Socioeconomic gradient (SES gradient) commonly measures health inequities in population health studies

Question 11

Social Support Networks

Answer 11

Comprised of friends, family, colleagues, and community
Strengthens emotional health by facilitating sharing and problem discussion
Mitigates stress and enhances emotional well-being
Determined by various factors impacting the type and level of support

Question 12

Education and Literacy

Answer 12

Higher education linked to careers with stable incomes and elevated social status
Enhances knowledge base and often involves roles requiring critical thinking
Can lead to meaningful relationships and community involvement
Generally associated with higher life satisfaction

Question 13

Employment & Working Conditions

Answer 13

Job dissatisfaction or low pay linked to higher mortality rates at a young age and increased morbidity from chronic diseases
Unemployment is a major stressor, causing higher anxiety, depression, and overall health issues for both the individual and their family

Question 14

Social Environment

Answer 14

Shaped by various elements:
Individual behavior
Relationships with others and community
Gender, culture, ethnicity
Education and workforce roles
Living conditions and communities
Self-perception
Community health reflects individual involvement
Well-organized communities offer resources and agencies, positively impacting families and reducing health risks

Question 15

Physical Environment

Answer 15

Natural environment comprises:
Consumed food and water
Air breathed
Outdoors and natural surroundings
Manufactured environment includes:
Dwellings and buildings (school/work)
Travelled roads
Recreational areas like parks and community structures

Question 16

Personal Health Practices

Answer 16

Related to self-imposed risk behaviors, health beliefs, and health behaviors
Often connected to self-esteem, sense of control, and confidence
Coping skills, influenced by genetic makeup, aid in dealing with stressful situations and problems
Example: The way an individual copes with daily challenges has a direct impact on their health

Question 17

Healthy Child Development

Answer 17

Influenced by various determinants of health (e.g., income, social status, environment)
A mother’s personal health practices, engagement in self-imposed risk behaviors, and prenatal care can impact the baby’s development and future health

Question 18

Biology and Genetic Endowment

Answer 18

Attributes inherited from parents
Can predispose an individual to certain diseases

Question 19

Health Services

Answer 19

Encompass diagnosis, treatment, disease prevention, and health promotion
Delivery methods impact population health
Canada Health Act ensures equal access to medically necessary services for individuals

Question 20

Gender

Answer 20

Social, not biological, differences between men and women
Considers inequities impacting health, such as employment opportunities

Question 21

Culture and Ethnicity

Answer 21

Diverse cultures and religions have distinct health practices that can influence an individual’s health
Example: Jehovah’s Witnesses refusing blood transfusions, potentially impacting their health negatively
Those with different social, religious, values, and beliefs often face inequities, marginalization, isolation, and socioeconomic challenges

Question 22

Population Health

Answer 22

Healthier populations:
Make more productive contributions to society
Require less health care and social support
Sustain themselves better over the long term
Actions leading to good health bring social, economic, and environmental benefits for the population, such as:
Sustainable and equitable health care systems
Strengthened social cohesion and citizen engagement
Increased national growth and productivity
Improved quality of life

Question 23

Population health framework

Answer 23

Measures health status of groups
Recently organized in Canada
Determinants of health are foundational for data collection, analysis, and proposing solutions
Interrelated determinants impact individual health
Ongoing research on determinants’ influence on health issues