CHS 3 PPT

Question 1

Health Definition Evolution:
1948 WHO Definition
Revised WHO Definition

Answer 1

1948 Definition:
“State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.”
Revised Definition:
“Ability to identify aspirations, satisfy needs, cope with environment; a resource for daily life.”

Question 2

Wellness Models and Dimensions

Answer 2

Physical Wellness: Maintaining a healthy body
Emotional Wellness: Understanding oneself, recognizing strengths and limitations
Intellectual Wellness: Making informed, beneficial decisions
Spiritual Wellness: Contributing to society, possibly through religion or higher power
Social Wellness: Effective relationships with others
Environmental Wellness: Respectful lifestyle toward the environment
Occupational Wellness: Feeling valued and secure at work, managing work-related stress

Question 3

Health vs. Wellness Dimensions

Answer 3

Different grouping or labeling in wellness models
Health dimensions vs. Wellness dimensions

Question 4

Illness Definition

Answer 4

Disease presence or perception of health
Feeling ill irrespective of disease

Question 5

Disease Definition

Answer 5

Disorder affecting system or organ
Deviation from normal function
Symptoms, syndromes
Not disability, may have varied courses
Chronic, controllable, or recurring

Question 6

Disability Definition

Answer 6

Result of illness, accident, or genetic factors
Physical, Sensory, Cognitive, Intellectual
Evolved language for describing
Entitled to equal rights & opportunities

Question 7

Health Model Definition
Three Common Health Care Models

Answer 7

Medical Model
Holistic Model
Wellness Model
Wellness Model principles are prevalent

Question 8

Medical Model
Holistic Model
Wellness Model

Answer 8

Medical Model: Health as absence of disease; criticized for narrow scope, ignoring social causes, and neglecting prevention
Holistic Model: Considers whole person, not just the problem; focuses on positive health aspects; acknowledges impacts of lifestyle, spirituality, economics, culture
Wellness Model: Evolution from medical and holistic models; views health as continuous process; emphasizes individual responsibility for health; considers functionality despite illness or disability

Question 9

International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF)
Introduced by WHO in 1980s
ICF as a Classification: Measures health of individuals and populations
Perspectives in ICF: Environment, Body structure and function, Individual’s health-related activities

Answer 9

ICF as a Health Model: Views everyone experiencing some form of disability in life
Considers social aspects of living with disability and its effects on others
Emphasizes effects of disability over its cause

Question 10

Changing Perceptions of Health
Pre-1960s
1960s – 1970s
1980s to Present

Answer 10

Pre-1960s: Sick → seek medical care → feel better (medical model); little recognition of lifestyle impacts or self-imposed risk behaviors
1960s – 1970s: Government initiatives, population health approach; recognition of personal measures for good health
1980s to Present: Growing understanding of lifestyle-health link; awareness of smoking dangers, sedentary lifestyle risks; increased physical activity engagement

Question 11

Psychology of Health Behavior
Health Behavior Definition
Influences on Health Behavior
Factors Affecting Health Behavior

Answer 11

Health Behavior: Activities for physical and psychological health based on beliefs about health, prevention, treatment, vulnerability
Influences: Level of health knowledge, personal motivation, cognitive processes, perceived risk factors

Question 12

Transtheoretical Model
Stages of Change

Answer 12

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination

Question 13

Social-Ecological Model

Answer 13

Influences on Health Behavior:
Education, occupation, profession
Social support
Environment
Public policies at different government levels

Question 14

Protection Motivation Theory

Answer 14

Motivation for Health Behavior Change: Self-preservation
Fear of illness, physical decline, death encourages adaptive/maladaptive behaviors
Action based on perceived severity of the threat

Question 15

Health Belief Model

Answer 15

Impact of Health Beliefs on Behavior
Elements of Health Beliefs:
Personal health and susceptibility to illness
Beliefs about illness, prevention, treatment
Factors Affecting Compliance:
Perceived risk, seriousness of condition, emotional experiences
Cultural, religious beliefs

Question 16

Health-Illness Continuum

Answer 16

Measurement of Health State over Time
Representation: Straight line from optimum health to death, with intermediate states
“Compensation”: Neither good nor poor health, continuing daily life
Constant movement along continuum, perceived differently by individuals

Question 17

Sick Role Behavior

Answer 17

Changes in behaviors, roles, attitudes when ill
Removal from societal expectations and responsibilities
Temporary nature of sick role
Stress of illness altering perceptions, interactions
Influence of illness on behavior of those associated
Adaptive responses to illness by most individuals

Question 18

Behavior in Hospitalized Persons

Answer 18

Behavior changes correlate with seriousness of illness, duration of hospital stay, and restricted autonomy
Hospitalization can elevate stress levels
Cultural, religious beliefs influencing behaviors

Question 19

Stages of Illness

Answer 19

Preliminary Phase: Suspecting symptoms
Acknowledgement Phase: Sustained clinical signs
Action Phase: Seeking treatment, visiting the doctor
Transitional Phase: Diagnosis and treatment
Resolution Phase: Recovery and rehabilitation

Question 20

Self-Imposed Risk Behaviors

Answer 20

Smoking
Unhealthy eating habits
Inactivity
Alcohol or drug abuse
Sexual promiscuity
Indirect Activities:
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Riding with an impaired driver

Question 21

Reasons for Self-Imposed Risk Behaviors
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Initiatives

Answer 21

Motivations: Habit, thrill-seeking, peer pressure, other reasons
Objectives:
Reduce burden on healthcare system
Promote health and longevity of Canadians

Question 22

Canadian Health Statistics

Answer 22

Average life expectancy: 82 years; variations among different populations
Indigenous populations have lowest life expectancy
Decline in infant mortality rates
Increase in babies born with low birth weight; higher rates among mothers under 20 and between 35-49 years old
Lower sense of community belonging among individuals aged 20-34 in 2014

Question 23

Leading Causes of Death

Answer 23

Cancer: 1 in 2 Canadians will develop it; common types include lung, breast, colorectal, prostate
Factors contributing to high rates: Environment, lifestyles, education, access to care
Cardiovascular Disease: Includes CAD, PVD, CHF, Arrhythmias
Causes: Smoking, obesity, lifestyle, genetics
Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 24

Influences on Canadian Health

Answer 24

Physical activity: Most Canadians don’t meet recommended levels; 9 out of 10 children and youth not meeting guidelines
Decreasing smoking rates among Canadians
Immunization rates for measles and DPT below national goals of 97% by age 2