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CHS 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Health Perception and Behavior

A

Understanding Patient Health: Important for health care professionals.
Preventable Conditions: Many encountered conditions are preventable.
Risky Behaviors and Non-compliance: Reasons behind risky behaviors and ignoring health advice.
Impact of Perception: Patients’ perceptions impact health outcomes.

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2
Q

Health Definitions and Evolution

A

Definition Evolution: Health, wellness, illness, disease, and disability definitions constantly evolve.
Global Impact on Health: Globalization affects Canadian health.
Impact of International Travel: Diseases once regional are now global due to increased travel.
Health Preparedness: Health professionals must adapt to manage new diseases in the country.

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3
Q

Resurgence of Eradicated Diseases and Inequalities

A

Disease Resurgence: Diseases like measles and tuberculosis resurfacing due to factors like lack of immunization.
Social Determinants of Health: Socioeconomic factors contribute to disease prevalence.
Inuit Population Challenges: Inuit populations face higher rates of TB due to living conditions.
Newcomers’ Health: Care deficiencies exist for newcomers, related to cultural norms, language barriers, and system navigation.

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4
Q

Impact of Social Media and Health Care Providers’ Role

A

Social Media Influence: Profound impact on health information access and perception.
Health Care Provider’s Role: Assist patients in maintaining health, coping with illness, and supporting recovery.
Understanding Health Beliefs: Health belief models aid in supporting patients.
Psychology of Health Behavior: Understanding how individuals respond to illness is crucial.

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5
Q

Traditional Health Perception

A

Historical Understanding: Healthy equated to “not sick,” while being sick meant “not well.”
Static Definition: Past concepts were binary, less inclusive, and lacked complexity.

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6
Q

Evolving Health Definitions

A

Shift in Perception: Health, wellness, and illness are now defined more broadly and inclusively.
Integrated Mental Health: Health began to encompass mental well-being alongside physical health.
Multidimensional Health: The understanding evolved to consider both physical and mental aspects for good health.

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7
Q

WHO’s Contribution (1948)

A

WHO’s Perspective: WHO acknowledged health as multidimensional, beyond disease presence or absence.
Stagnant Definition: Despite the WHO’s progressive step in 1948, the definition has remained unchanged and might not fully align with modern health perceptions.

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8
Q

Understanding Wellness

A

Distinct from Health: Wellness and health, although related, aren’t synonymous.
Beyond Good Health: Wellness encompasses feelings about health and overall life quality.
Holistic Responsibility: Achieving wellness involves personal responsibility and balanced lifestyle choices.
Continuous Pursuit: Wellness isn’t static but a lifelong journey influenced by decisions and lifestyle.

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9
Q

Dimensions of Wellness

A

Multiple Categories: Wellness includes physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, environmental, occupational, and family health.
Emerging Concepts: Recent inclusions are family wellness and its influence on the overall family unit.
Interconnectedness: Individual wellness contributes to family well-being; family members’ well-being affects relationships and family dynamics.

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10
Q

Holistic Health Approach:

Wellness involves merging traditional and nontraditional treatments.
Examples: naturopathy, acupuncture, aromatherapy, yoga, etc.

A

Holistic Outlook on Health:

Embracing holistic practices for comprehensive health and well-being.
Combining traditional and alternative medicine approaches.

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11
Q

Alternative Therapies for Wellness:

Range from nontraditional to less invasive treatments.
Some opt solely for alternative therapies over western medicine for wellness.

A

Role of Alternative Therapies:

Various nontraditional treatments contribute to overall wellness.
Some prefer alternative therapies in pursuit of good health.

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12
Q

Perception of Wellness Amid Disease:

Some individuals feel well despite having a disease or infirmity.
E.g., ALS patient finding well-being despite physical limitations.

A

ALS Patient’s Perception of Wellness:

Despite ALS diagnosis, patient finds joy in family and meaningful activities.
Considers self to be well despite progressing physical limitations

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13
Q

Physical Wellness:

A

Maintaining a healthy body through:
Nutritious, balanced diet
Regular exercise
Informed health decisions
Seeking medical care when needed
Understanding lifestyle impact on physical health.

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14
Q

Mental Wellness:

A

WHO defines it as realizing potential, coping with life stresses, and contributing to the community.
Adds a holistic dimension to mental health.
Not static; not absence of mental illness.

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15
Q

Coping with Mental Illness:

A

Diagnosed individuals under treatment may perceive wellness.
Example: Bipolar or schizophrenia managed with interventions.

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16
Q

Dynamic Nature of Mental Wellness:

A

Not tied to absence of mental illness.
Acceptance of diagnosis contributes to perceived wellness.

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17
Q

Indigenous Perspective on Wellness:

A

Mental wellness balanced with spirituality and nature.
Often aligned with concepts like Mother Earth.

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18
Q

Emotional Wellness:

A

Understanding oneself, strengths, and limitations.
Ability to control emotions, communicate effectively, seek support.

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19
Q

Mental Health and Adversity:

A

Good mental health aids proactive reactions to challenges.
Emotional health contributes to coping with adversity.

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20
Q

Impact of Mental Illness:

A

Conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression affect coping abilities.
Challenges arise especially in handling difficult situations.

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21
Q

Intellectual Wellness:

A

Making informed, beneficial decisions for oneself.
Gathering information, applying critical thinking, staying updated on health issues.

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22
Q

Occupational Health in Intellectual Wellness:

A

Satisfaction from career, balancing work with family and leisure.

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23
Q

Emotional Wellness Traits:

A

Self-awareness, emotion control, effective communication, seeking support.

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24
Q

Mental Health’s Role in Adversity:

A

Good mental health aids in learning and growth during challenges.
Emotional health crucial for handling difficulties.

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25
Q

Impact of Mental Illness on Coping:

A

Conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression hinder effective coping.
Handling stressful situations becomes more challenging.

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26
Q

Components of Intellectual Wellness:

A

Informed decision-making, critical thinking, staying updated on health matters.

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27
Q

Occupational Aspect in Intellectual Wellness:

A

Satisfaction from career and achieving balance among various life activities.

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28
Q

Social Wellness:

A

Effective relationships, empathy, communication, laughter.
Good listener, appropriate responses, teamwork, community involvement.
Contribution to others’ well-being.

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29
Q

Spiritual Wellness:

A

Personal and diverse, involves finding purpose or meaning in life.
Can relate to faith, harmony, balance, achieving inner peace.
Practices like prayer, meditation aid in attaining spiritual wellness.

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30
Q

Spiritual Wellness Benefits:

A

Provides peace, joy, purpose, positive relations with others.
Valued in Indigenous culture, aligns with holistic approach to health.

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31
Q

Traits of Social Wellness:

A

Relationship skills, empathy, effective communication, teamwork.
Tolerance, forming friendships, contributing to community welfare.

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32
Q

Diverse Nature of Spiritual Wellness:

A

Personal quest for meaning, faith, harmony, balance in life.
Methods like prayer, meditation assist in achieving inner peace.

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33
Q

Impact of Spiritual Wellness:

A

Enhances peace, purpose, positive connections with others.
Valued in Indigenous culture, aligns with holistic health approach.

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34
Q

Socially Well Individuals’ Traits:

A

Effective relationships, empathy, communication, community involvement.
Tolerance, forming supportive networks, contributing to others’ well-being.

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35
Q

Environmental Wellness:

A

Eco-friendly lifestyle choices: walking, biking, recycling, eco-friendly products.
Creating a safe internal environment: eye protection, noise control.

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36
Q

Occupational Wellness:

A

Feeling secure, valued, confident at work.
Effective stress management, professional growth, work-life balance.
Impact of job enjoyment on overall life quality.

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37
Q

Meditation and Wellness:

A

Holistic benefits: mental, spiritual, emotional, physical well-being.
Focus on breathing or visuals, calming the mind and spirit.

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38
Q

Elements of Environmental Wellness:

A

Eco-friendly choices: walking, biking, recycling, eco-products.
Safe internal environment: eye protection, noise control.

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39
Q

Characteristics of Occupational Wellness:

A

Confidence, value, stress management, growth, work-life balance.
Job enjoyment’s impact on overall life quality.

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40
Q

Meditation’s Impact on Wellness:

A

Holistic benefits: mental, spiritual, emotional, physical well-being.
Focus on breathing or visuals, calming mind and spirit.

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41
Q

Therapeutic Use of Meditation:

A

Recommended for conditions like chronic pain, hypertension, anxiety.
Therapeutic techniques like mindfulness for anxiety treatment.

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42
Q

Illness:

A

Refers to how a person feels about their health.
Can arise from tiredness, stress, despite absence of disease.
Not defined as a disease, differs from feeling healthy and energetic.

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43
Q

Disease:

A

Alters bodily or mental functions from normal.
May be biological, affecting organs, with observable or hidden symptoms.
Examples like schizophrenia have biological or biochemical causes.

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44
Q

Disease and Terminology:

A

Often interchangeably used with terms like ailment, disorder, condition.
Sometimes incorrectly associated with disability.

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45
Q

Understanding Illness:

A

Concerns how a person perceives their health.
Can result from fatigue, stress, even without disease presence.

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46
Q

Overview of Disease:

A

Alters bodily or mental functions from the norm.
Biological in nature, affects organs, with observable or hidden symptoms.

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47
Q

Disease and Terminology:

A

Often linked with words like ailment, disorder, condition, dysfunction.
Occasionally misused regarding disability.

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48
Q

Disease Courses and Treatment:

A

Can follow a predictable course, subside with or without treatment.
Can be chronic and controllable but not curable (e.g., asthma, diabetes).

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49
Q

Disability Types:

A

Physical, sensory (e.g., blindness, deafness), cognitive (e.g., Alzheimer’s), intellectual (e.g., Down syndrome).
Can result from disease (e.g., amputation due to impaired circulation), accidents, or birth complications.

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50
Q

Evolving Terminology:

A

Shift to more sensitive, respectful language (e.g., intellectually impaired).
Emphasis on equal rights and opportunities for people with disabilities.

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51
Q

Challenges Faced:

A

Ableism persists; individuals with disabilities encounter impatience, dismissal.
Invisible disabilities pose similar challenges.

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52
Q

Types of Disabilities:

A

Physical, sensory (blindness, deafness), cognitive (Alzheimer’s), intellectual (Down syndrome).
Result from diseases, accidents, or birth complications.

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53
Q

Changing Language:

A

Adoption of more respectful terms (e.g., intellectually impaired).
Focus on equal rights and opportunities for those with disabilities.

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54
Q

Ongoing Challenges:

A

Persistence of ableism; individuals with disabilities face impatience, dismissal.
Similar challenges for those with invisible disabilities.

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55
Q

Health Models Overview:

A

Influence interactions with health care providers.
Shape practice, delivery of care, treatment, and outcomes.
Common models: medical, holistic, wellness, evolving over time.

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56
Q

Wellness Model:

A

Focuses on wellness, illness prevention, patient-centered care.
Embraces evidence-informed decision making in a team-oriented setting.

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57
Q

Medical Model:

A

Initially defined health as absence of disease.
Evolved to consider functioning, disability, daily activities for a holistic view.

58
Q

Wellness Model Principles:

A

Stress on wellness, disease prevention, patient-focused care.
Utilizes evidence-informed decisions, team-based care.

59
Q

Medical Model Overview:

A

Originally defined health as lack of disease.
Evolved to encompass functioning, disability, daily activities for holistic view.

60
Q

Critiques of Medical Model:

A

Criticized for narrow scope, neglect of social causes of disease.
Emphasis on diagnosis and treatment, less focus on prevention.

61
Q

Holistic Model:

A

Considers all aspects of a person’s health.
Aims for overall health, not just absence of disease.
Acknowledges lifestyle, spirituality, socioeconomics, and culture’s impact.

Considers entire person for health, beyond disease absence.
Recognizes impact of lifestyle, spirituality, culture on health.

62
Q

Wholistic Model (Indigenous):

A

Considers mental, physical, cultural, spiritual well-being.
Focuses on individual and community health.
Utilizes medicine wheel and four directions for holistic framework.

Considers mental, physical, cultural, spiritual health.
Emphasizes individual and community well-being.
Utilizes medicine wheel, four directions for holistic approach.

63
Q

Medicine Wheel Significance:

A

Uniquely interpreted by each culture.
Represents circular views of the world, life’s process, and connection with nature. Diverse interpretations across cultures.
Represents circular worldview, life’s evolution, connection with nature.

64
Q

Overview of Wellness Model:

A

Builds on medical and holistic models.
Views health as an evolving process towards improved well-being.
Emphasizes personal responsibility for health choices and lifestyle.
Evolution from medical and holistic models.
Health as an ongoing process toward improved well-being.

65
Q

Wellness Model Factors:

A

Based on individual perception of disease or disability.
Focuses on coping with health challenges, self-imposed risk behaviors.
Considers ability to function, meet self-imposed goals despite disability.
Emphasizes personal responsibility, healthy choices, coping with challenges.
Views ability to function despite disability or illness as a measure of health.

66
Q

Holistic and Wellness Models:

A

Share inclusion of various factors: physical, spiritual, social, emotional, economic, cultural.

67
Q

International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF):

A

Introduced by World Health Organization in the 1980s.
Serves as a classification system and health model.

68
Q

ICF as a Classification System:

A

Measures health of individuals and populations.
Considers environment, body structure/function, and health-related activities.

69
Q

ICF as a Health Model:

A

Views health and disability differently.
Recognizes disability as common, experienced by many.
Emphasizes social aspects and effects rather than just causes of disability.

70
Q

ICF Overview:

A

Serves as classification system and health model.
Considers environment, body, health-related activities for health assessment.

71
Q

ICF’s View on Disability:

A

Considers disability as common in lifespan.
Emphasizes social aspects and impact on affected individuals and others.

72
Q

Clinical Use of ICF:

A

Utilized by healthcare providers to assess social, functional challenges.
Helps set goals, create treatment plans, and measure outcomes.

73
Q

Perceptions of Health and Wellness:

A

Impact how individuals respond to health changes.
Positive feelings may downplay minor illnesses; vulnerability magnifies them.

74
Q

Time and Circumstance Effect:

A

Nighttime or early hours can evoke vulnerability.
Minor concerns amplify, causing stress.
Morning brings positivity, lessening the impact of nighttime worries.

75
Q

Positive Mindset’s Influence:

A

Aids in effective stress management and fighting disease.

76
Q

Past Approaches to Healthcare

A

Until the Early-to-Mid 1960s
Paternalistic Medical Model
Limited Responsibility for Health
Lack of Awareness on Lifestyle Impact
Emergence of Personal Health Responsibility
Changes in Primary Care Structure
Shift to Informed Decision-Making

77
Q

Shift in Healthcare Approach

A

Rise of Prevention and Personal Health Responsibility
Emergence of Community Health Involvement
Changes in Primary Care Delivery
Information Access via the Internet
Overwhelm from Information Overload
Increased Patient Advocacy and Seeking Alternatives
Public Initiatives Promoting Healthy Lifestyles

78
Q

Health Behavior’s Impact:

A

Influences actions for maintaining physical, psychological health.
Guided by beliefs about health, prevention, treatment, vulnerability.

79
Q

Factors Influencing Health Behavior:

A

Health knowledge, motivation, cognitive processes, perceived risk.
Culture and ethnicity play a significant role.

80
Q

Models Explaining Health Behavior:

A

Transtheoretical model, social–ecological model, protection motivation theory.
Health belief model (developed by the United States Public Health Service in the 1950s).

81
Q

Health Belief Model (HBM):

A

Personal health beliefs influence behavior.
Acquired through social interaction, experience.

82
Q

Factors Influencing Beliefs:

A

Perception of avoiding negative outcomes.
Personal sense of vulnerability affects adherence to recommended actions.

83
Q

Impact of Perceived Severity:

A

Influences choices based on seriousness of potential conditions.

84
Q

Influence of Culture and Religion:

A

Affects health beliefs, values, and decision-making.
Varied cultural beliefs affect treatment acceptance and adherence.

85
Q

HBM and Cultural Influence:

A

Culture shapes beliefs about health, illness, disability, treatment.

86
Q

Diverse Beliefs:

A

Etiology of illness varies among cultures.
Different cultural beliefs dictate preferred treatment methods.

87
Q

Patient Autonomy in Decision-Making:

A

Varied across cultures.
Some cultures value family decisions over individual autonomy.

88
Q

Challenges and Variances:

A

Generational differences affect adherence to beliefs and practices.
Conflicts may arise within families due to differing beliefs on treatment.

89
Q

Transtheoretical Model (TTM):

A

Guides health behavior changes through stages.
Encompasses stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination.

90
Q

TTM Stages:

A

Precontemplation: No desire for change.
Contemplation: Considering risks, benefits.
Action: Implementing plans, seeking support.
Maintenance: Sustaining change for 2 years.
Termination: Permanent integration of behavioral changes.

91
Q

Social–Ecological Model (SEM):

A

Considers multiple influences on health behavior.

Educational, occupational, social support influences.
Environmental, policy influences on health behavior.

92
Q

Collective Health Promotion:

A

Emphasizes determinants of health for policy development.
Aims for good health, health education, and healthy workplaces.

93
Q

Protection Motivation Theory

A

Self-Preservation as Motivation
Fear of Illness & Health Behavior Change
Factors Influencing Behavior Change
Severity of Threat Perception
Likelihood of Succumbing to Threat
Probability of Preventative Action Success

94
Q

Key Elements of Protection Motivation Theory

A

Fear as Motivator for Behavior Change
Perception of Vulnerability
Necessary Actions to Avoid Threat
Individual’s Ability or Motivation to Act
Influence on Health Behavior Modification
Relationship to Health Belief Model

95
Q

Health–Illness Continuum:

A

Measures perceived health between “optimum health” and “poor health” or “death.”
Includes dimensions: physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, environmental.

96
Q

Continuum Dynamics:

A

Constant movement based on perceived health changes.
Perception varies among individuals with similar health conditions.

97
Q

Examples on the Continuum:

A

Dr. Stephen Hawking: Pursued life despite ALS, placed in compensation or wellness.
Ryan Straschnitzki: Paralyzed, exhibits strength toward wellness.
Choices in Response: Some opt for medical assistance in dying due to illness or disability.

98
Q

Individual Placement:

A

Perception of health varies among disabled individuals.
Competent adults in Canada have the right to medical assistance in dying.

99
Q

Mental Illness and Health Perception:

A

Mental illness may lead to a perception at the negative end of the continuum.
Some may wish to end their life due to mental illness.

100
Q

Sick Role Behaviour:

A

Changes in behaviors, roles, attitudes during illness.
Influences how individuals interact with others and health professionals.

101
Q

Response Variety:

A

Diverse responses to illness based on nature and severity.

102
Q

Response Examples:

A

Stressors leading to pronounced or extreme behaviors.
Alterations in attitude due to minor or serious illness or accidents.

103
Q

Cultural Influence:

A

Culture impacts how individuals respond to illness.

104
Q

Professional Role in Health Care:

A

Health care providers maintain professionalism despite patient mood changes.
Remain calm, listen, and connect patients and family to resources.

105
Q

Setting Influence:

A

Hospitalization vs. community care affects illness response and autonomy.
Language barriers, cultural, or religious beliefs impact responses to care.

106
Q

Communication Dynamics:

A

Eye contact and touch vary across cultures.
Seeking help from team members ensures optimal care.

107
Q

Stages of Illness:

A

Predictable stages influencing patient behavior and acceptance of diagnosis.
Dependent on health beliefs, behaviors, and seriousness of the issue.

108
Q

Hidden Illness:

A

Illness may develop over time before symptoms show.
Duration influences symptom severity and illness outcome.

109
Q

Predictable Path:

A

Patient response follows identifiable stages.
Varied by individual health beliefs and behaviors.

110
Q

Self-Imposed Risk Behaviors:

A

xamples: smoking, unhealthy eating, inactivity, substance misuse, promiscuity.
Reasons: enjoyment, habit, peer pressure, thrill-seeking.

111
Q

Impact of Behavior:

A

Risky behavior affects individuals and others.
Health care costs, burden on the system, and preventive measures.

112
Q

Canadian Life Expectancy:

A

Men: 79.6 years
Women: 83.8 years (2014 data)

113
Q

Global Comparison:

A

Men: Iceland, Switzerland, Australia
Women: Japan, Spain, Switzerland

114
Q

Indigenous Population:

A

Inuit: Lowest life expectancy (64 years for men, 73 for women)
First Nations, Métis: Range of 73-74 years for men, 78-80 years for women
Increase in life expectancy since early 2000s by about 2 years.
Indigenous population in Canada: Estimated 4.1% in 2017 (Statistics Canada, 2017b).

115
Q

Canada’s Infant Mortality Rate:

A

Declined from 5.7% (2006) to 4.3% (2016)
Slower decline compared to other developed nations

Canadian life expectancy in 2014: 79.6 years for men, 83.8 years for women
Global comparison: Men - Iceland, Switzerland, Australia; Women - Japan, Spain, Switzerland
Indigenous population in Canada: Inuit community has lowest life expectancy
2017 statistics for Indigenous groups: Inuit - 64 years (men), 73 years (women); First Nations/Métis - 73-74 years (men), 78-80 years (women)
Life expectancy increase for Indigenous population since early 2000s: about 2 years
Indigenous peoples’ percentage in Canadian population: 4.1% in 2017

116
Q

Leading Causes of Death in Canada:

A

Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
Heart disease
Cardiovascular disease (e.g., stroke)
Lower respiratory diseases (e.g., COPD, asthma, accidents)

117
Q

Infant Mortality Leading Causes:

A

Congenital abnormalities
Premature births
Low birth weight
(Statistics Canada, 2015)

118
Q

Age-Specific Leading Causes of Death:

A

Aged 1 to 34: Accidents
Aged 35 to 84: Cancer
Aged 85 and older: Heart disease
Young Adults (15 to 24): Accidents, suicide, homicide

119
Q

Detailed Discussion on Three Leading Causes:

A

Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cerebrovascular Disease
(Statistics Canada, 2018b)

120
Q

Cancer Statistics in Canada:

A

1 in 2 Canadians expected to develop cancer
Higher rates among women, mostly over 50
Common types: Lung, breast, colorectal, prostate
(Canadian Cancer Society, 2017)

121
Q

Factors Influencing Cancer Incidence:

A

Risk behavior (smoking)
Environmental factors (pollution)
Socioeconomic factors (poverty)
Access to cancer medical services
(Canadian Cancer Society, 2017)

122
Q

Regional Variances in Cancer Rates:

A

Lowest rates: BC, Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan
Highest rates: Newfoundland, NWT, Yukon, Nunavut
Geographic isolation impacts determinants of health
(Conference Board of Canada, 2015)

123
Q

Specifics on Breast, Prostate, and Lung Cancers:

A

Breast cancer: 2nd leading cause of death in women
Prostate cancer: Most common in men
Lung cancer: Leading cause of cancer-related deaths
(Canadian Cancer Society, Public Health Agency of Canada, 2018)

124
Q

Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Controversy:

A

1 in 7 men diagnosed, 1 in 29 die from it
Controversy over screening and treatment
PSA tests: Some covered, others not, based on need
(Prostate Cancer Canada, 2014)

125
Q

Global Perspective on Cancer Rates:

A

Puerto Rico lowest, Denmark highest rates
Canada ranked 12th among 50 countries
(World Cancer Research Fund International, 2017)

126
Q

Cardiovascular Diseases in Canada:

A

Second leading cause of death (29%)
Includes CAD, heart failure, arrhythmia, peripheral vascular disease
(Government of Canada, 2017)

127
Q

Primary Risk Factors:

A

Smoking, high BP, high cholesterol, inactivity, obesity
Genetic predisposition
Incidence has slightly decreased due to screening, education, lifestyle changes

128
Q

Prevalence and Demographics:

A

1 in 12 Canadians over 20 have heart disease
Higher mortality rates with age; men at higher risk, diagnosed younger
Indigenous Canadians twice as likely, especially on-reserve
(Government of Canada, 2017)

129
Q

Impact of Population Health Initiatives:

A

Federal and provincial efforts reduce mortality rates
Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, and ParticipACTION promote active lifestyles
Guidelines for physical activity and rest introduced
(ParticipACTION, 2016)

130
Q

Heart Health Initiatives and Regulations:

A

Reducing trans fats in foods
Lowering sodium content in foods
Restricting sale of unhealthy foods in schools

131
Q

Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke:

A

Includes conditions affecting blood flow to the brain
Stroke is the most serious, caused by a blockage interrupting blood flow
Leading cause of adult disability, third leading cause of death

132
Q

Stroke Statistics and Risk Factors:

A

More common in women
Nine in ten Canadians have at least one stroke risk factor
Risk factors overlap with heart disease

133
Q

Impact on Healthcare and Economy:

A

Leading causes of hospitalization in Canada
Cost Canadian economy $20.9 billion/year
Mortality rates vary by region

134
Q

Aging Population’s Health Concerns:

A

Baby boomers expected to spend last 10 years with illness, disability
Gap between lifespan and healthy lifespan
Emphasis on adopting a healthy lifestyle from an early age

135
Q

Health, Wellness, and Illness Concepts
Dimensions of Wellness
Models of Health Care: Medical, Holistic, Wellness
Factors Influencing Health Responses
Health Behavior and Responses to Altered Health
Health-Illness Continuum and Health Measurement
Canadian Health Improvement and Challenges

A

Health definitions linked to culture, background, and experiences
Wellness encompasses various dimensions: physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, environmental, occupational
Disease vs. illness: Disease alters bodily functions; illness relates to perception of health
Disabilities: physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual; can result from disease or accident
Health care approaches: medical, holistic, wellness; Indigenous holistic framework based on circle, medicine wheel, four directions
Diverse health care preferences: natural, proven treatments, blended philosophies
Factors influencing health responses: past experiences, outlook on life
Canadians taking more responsibility for health: assessing risk behaviors, focusing on health promotion, disease prevention
Health behavior’s impact on relationships: with health care providers, family, and close ones
Unique health responses influenced by background, beliefs, experiences with health care
Health perception changes influenced by infirmity, health beliefs, related health models
Canadian health improvements but challenges remain: prompt and effective care needed for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory system diseases
Aboriginal peoples at risk due to socioeconomic reasons and lack of proximity to treatment centers

136
Q

Health Definition Evolution:

A

WHO’s original 1948 definition: “Complete physical, mental, social well-being, not just absence of disease.”
Evolving perceptions challenged the term “complete”
Chronic diseases, disabilities, mental health concerns redefined “healthy”

137
Q

Holistic Health Considerations:

A

Exclusion of spiritual wellness, cultural norms in original definition
Importance of respecting cultural and spiritual needs in healthcare
Expanded WHO definition: Emphasis on resources, capabilities in health (World Health Organization, 1986)

138
Q

UN Convention on Rights of Persons With Disabilities:

A

Adopted in December 2016
Encompasses accessibility, healthcare, education, employment, equality

139
Q

Canada’s Commitment:

A

Ratified the Convention in 2010
Upholds various legislations: Canadian Charter, Human Rights Act

140
Q

UN’s 2030 Agenda:

A

Aims for inclusivity, especially for vulnerable populations
Targets poverty, hunger, promotes dignity, equality, healthy environment (United Nations, 2015)

141
Q

Stages of Illness:
Preliminary Phase: Suspecting Symptoms
Acknowledgement Phase: Sustained Clinical Signs
Action Phase: Seeking Treatment
Transitional Phase: Diagnosis and Treatment
Resolution Phase: Recovery and Rehabilitation

A

Preliminary Phase:
Symptoms arise, may be ignored or acknowledged.
Acknowledgement Phase:
Symptoms recognized, seeking advice or treatment considered.
Action Phase:
Symptoms concerning, medical advice sought.
Transitional Phase:
Diagnosis, treatment considered or sought.
Resolution Phase:
Recovery with minimal intervention or ongoing care/rehabilitation; compliance varies.

CHS (9 decks)

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