Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MI1 > Chronic/Overuse Knee Injuries > Flashcards

Chronic/Overuse Knee Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is ITB friction syndrome (ITBFS)?

A

Bursal inflammation at lat epicondyle of femur (usually pinpoint pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What tests are used for ITBFS?

A
  • Ober’s

- Palpation of lat epicondyle of femur (one finger test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the support, protect, maintain treatment principles for ITBFS?

A
  • RICE
  • Modify training (stop, no hills)
  • Unload - correct mechanics (feet, tight/weak structures)
  • Cross train for CV system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the ‘regain’ treatment principles for ITBFS?

A

ROM: Stretch ITB/TFL complex within symptoms, DTM, roller may help

  • Control: Ensure pelvic tilt not excessive, correct foot posture as indicated
  • Strength: Esp glutes
  • Function: Graduated return to run, usually better 3-4 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should be considered if ITBFS is not better after 3-4 weeks?

A
  • Cortisone injection
  • SIJ contribution
  • Chondral, meniscal or maybe PFJ contributions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Bakers cysts?

A
  • Sign (not diagnosis) of intra-articular injury
  • Lump in popliteal fossa in posterior aspect of knee
  • Commonly with joint effusion
  • Common in children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What intra-articular injuries can be associated with Bakers cysts?

A
  • OA
  • Osteochondral lesion
  • Meniscus tear
  • ACL tear
  • Anywhere where swelling is evident
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should be considered if a Bakers cyst is calcified?

A
  • Sarcoma or haemangioma (NTBM)

- Tumour if cyst does not lie medial to lat gastric (NTBM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Hoffa’s syndrome?

A
  • Intrapatella fat pad irritation

- Presents as anterior knee pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for Hoffa’s syndrome?

A
  • Hyperextension, kicking, contusion, arthroscopy
  • Can occur from traumatic injury & become ongoing source of pain
  • Exacerbated by extension, e.g. prolonged standing, straight leg raise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is Hoffa’s syndrome treated?

A
  • Rest (avoid direct contact & active hyperextension)
  • NSAIDs
  • Taping (V)
  • Usually recovers quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter’s disease?

A

Apophysitis of tibial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some of the common tendinopathies of the knee?

A
  • Inferior pole of patella
  • Midportion patella tendon
  • Quads tendon
  • Biceps femoris
  • Pes Anserinus (enthesiopathy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is plicas?

A
  • Embryonic remnant - fold of synovium

- Presents as anterior knee pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for plicas?

A
  • Settle inflammation

- Surgical excision if persistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is patellofemoral syndrome (PFS)?

A
  • Maltracking of patella
  • Syndrome may include some or all components:
  • Chondromalacia patella
  • Excessive lateral pressure
  • VMO weakness/timing
  • Biomechanical issues - increased Q angle, overpronation
  • ITB tightness
  • TFL overuse
  • Weak glutes
  • Overweight, adolescent female
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the treatments for PFS?

A
  • Soft tissue therapy: ITB/TFL release
  • Joint mobilisation medially
  • McConnell taping
  • Strengthening: VMO retraining, glutes strengthening
  • Orthotics (for excessive pronation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a common surgery for chondral defects in the knee?

A

OATS - osteochondral allograft transplant surgery (aka mosaicplasty)
- Take plugs from non-WB portions of femur and insert into WB area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a new/developing surgery for chondral defects in the knee?

A

Autologous chondrocyte transfer

  • Stem cells/stabilised chondrocytes harvested & cultured
  • Implanted under protective barrier
  • Immobilised to permit establishment of cells
  • Cells grow new hyaline cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the support, protect, maintain treatment principles for chondral injury?

A
  • Treat symptomatically esp joint effusion
  • Protect from further injury
  • Maintain healthy cartilage, muscle bulk & strength with low joint compression
21
Q

What are the ‘regain’ treatment principles for chondral injury?

A
  • ROM: Usually OKC to begin or low joint compression, avoid sustained holds
  • Control: Protect joint by teaching dynamic motor control/stability (cocontraction)
  • Strength: As required by muscle testing
  • Function: Re-training, evidence suggests high muscle loads, low joint loads
22
Q

What are the characteristics of patellofemoral pain?

A
  • Insidious or secondary to another knee injury/trauma
  • Diffuse ache, agg by loaded activities, prolonged sitting
  • History of recurrent crepitus
23
Q

What’s is patella tendinopathy also known as?

A

Jumper’s knee

24
Q

What are the clinical features of patella tendinopathy?

A
  • Anterior knee pain
  • Agg by jumping, changing direction, deceleration
  • Tenderness on palpation
  • Thickening of the tendon
25
Q

What is the most common site of patella tendinopathy?

A

Deep attachment of the tendon to the inferior pole of the patella

26
Q

How should a patella tendinopathy be examined?

A
  • Palpation
  • Reproduce pain with functional tests, e.g. squats, hopping
  • Assess lower limb strength
  • Ultrasound/MRI
27
Q

What is the treatment for patella tendinopathy?

A
  • Load reduction (reduce training hours, amount of jumping/sprinting)
  • Correct biomechanics (landing technique)
  • Soft tissue therapy (hamstrings, quads, calf)
  • Strength/motor control exercises (glutes, quads, calf)
28
Q

What is the mechanism of Osgood-Schlatter’s disease?

A
  • Excessive traction on soft apophysis of tibia tuberosity by patellar tendon
  • High levels of activity during rapid period of growth
29
Q

What is the mechanism of quads tendinopathy?

A
  • Common in older sports people

- Weightlifters - tendon loaded in deeper squat

30
Q

Which bursa is most commonly affected by bursitis?

A

Pre-patellar bursa

31
Q

What is the treatment for bursitis?

A
  • NSAIDs

- Aspiration/infiltration (more severe)

32
Q

What is Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome?

A
  • Lesion on the inferior pole of patella at attachment of patella tendon
  • Less common than Osgood-Schlatters (managed the same)
33
Q

What is a discoid lateral meniscus?

A
  • Disc-shaped anatomical abnormality reported in children

- Can present as chronic snapping knee syndrome

34
Q

What are the clinical features of a degenerative lateral meniscus?

A
  • Gradual onset of lateral knee pain
  • Quads atrophy
  • Painful/non-painful lump at lateral joint line
35
Q

What are the risk factors of knee OA?

A
  • Meniscal injury
  • Knee malalignment
  • Obesity
  • Sports participation (wrestling, weight lifting, soccer, football)
  • Previous knee injury
  • Genetic predisposition
36
Q

What is excessive lateral pressure syndrome?

A
  • Excessive pressure on lateral patellofemoral joint
  • Due to tight lateral retinaculum
  • Affects joint capsule, PF joint, ITB & quads
37
Q

What can excessive lateral pressure syndrome lead to?

A
  • Vertical stress fracture

- Separation of lateral patellar fragment

38
Q

What is the treatment for excessive lateral pressure syndrome?

A
  • PF mobilisation
  • Soft tissue therapy on retinaculum
  • Surgical release of retinaculum
39
Q

What is the mechanism of biceps femoris tendinopathy?

A
  • Excessive acceleration & deceleration

- Ass. with running & cycling

40
Q

What are the clinical features of biceps femoris tendinopathy?

A
  • P/L pain
  • Settles after activity
  • Morning stiffness
  • Pain with palpation & resisted flexion esp eccentric
  • Tightness of hamstrings & glutes
41
Q

What muscles need to be strengthened in treatment of biceps femoris tendinopathy?

A
  • Eccentric strengthening of hamstrings

- Gluteus maximus

42
Q

What needs to be ruled out of a superior tib/fib joint dislocation?

A
  • Peroneal nerve injury
  • Popliteus tendon injury
  • Posterolateral corner injury
  • PCL injury
43
Q

What are the clinical features of a superior tib/fib joint dislocation?

A
  • Prominent fibula head
  • Lateral knee pain
  • Swelling around joint
  • Popping/clicking
  • Agg by ankle movements & WB
44
Q

How are superior tib/fib joint dislocations managed?

A
  • Immobilisation 2-3/52

- Strengthening of hamstrings & calfs

45
Q

What are the characteristics of medial meniscus abnormality/degeneration?

A
  • Patient generally sport person over 35 yrs
  • Clicking & pain with twisting activities
  • Joint line tenderness, positive McMurray’s
46
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

Combined tendinous insertion of sartorial, gracilis & semitendinosus onto tibia

47
Q

What are the mechanisms of pes anserinus tendinopathy?

A
  • Uncommon
  • Swimmers (particularly breaststroke)
  • Cyclists
  • Runners
48
Q

What is the mechanism of gastroc tendinopathy?

A
  • Medial gastroc at posterior femoral condyle

- Excessive hill running/rapid increase in distance

MI1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions