Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
What is the prevalence of CKD in the US?
10 %
What is the definition of CKD?
Either kidney damage or GFR
Do you need to have renal insufficiency to be classified as CKD?
NO! You can have an imaging abnormality and be considered CKD!
What is kidney damage defined as?
Pathological abnormality in blood or urine tests or imaging studies.
What are the top two chronic conditions that are associated with CKD?
Diabetics (more common in Type II)
HTN
Most widely used way to measure GFR?
Measure plasma creatinine
What low molecular weight protein that is produced by all nucleated cells is likely going to replace Creatinine as standard for measuring GFR?
Cystatin C
As kidney disease progresses, what are you losing?
Functional nephrons
What is creatinine normally?
less than 1
Is calcium high or low in CKD?
Low
Does PTH go up or down in CKD?
Up
Do Vitamin D levels go up or down?
Down
What are some pre-renal causes of renal dysfunction?
Dehydration
Low BP
What are some renal causes of renal dysfunction?
Nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDs)
What are some post renal causes of renal dysfunction?
Urinary tract obstruction
What classes of drugs are good at slowing the progression of CKD?
ACEs and ARBs
What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD?
Increased phosphorous (it is normally eliminated by the kidney)
How do you treat secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Vitamin D analogs
If hyperphosphatemia is persistent, what drug class is used?
Calcimimetics
If patient is hyperphosphatemic, what are 2 major dietary restrictions?
Nuts
Dairy
Is MDRD or Cockroft-Gault more accurate at estimating GFR?
MDRD (modification of Diet in renal disease)
