Ach Lab 6 Lower Abdomen

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 1

1. Pubic Arch
2. Ischiopubic rami
3. Sacrotuberous ligaments
4. Tip of Coccyx

Question 2

What hormone is responsible for increased SI joint laxity?

Answer 2

Relaxin

Question 3

What does the diagonal conjugate need to be at least for adequate vaginal delivery of a normal sized infant?

Answer 3

11.5 cm

Question 4

What are the remnants of the gubernaculum in a female?

Answer 4

Round ligament of uterus

Round ligament of ovary

Question 5

What is the fold of peritoneum that envelopes the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes called?

Answer 5

Broad Ligament

Question 6

What are the regions of the broad ligament?

Answer 6

Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium

Question 7

Where does fertilization most often take place?

Answer 7

Ampulla

Question 8

What layer covers and supports the pelvic organs, fills spaces, and transmits blood vessels and nerves to organs?

Answer 8

Endopelvic Fascia

Question 9

Damage to what structure weakens the pelvic floor, making pelvic organ prolapse more likely?

Answer 9

Perineal body

tear, episiotomy

Question 10

Cystocoele

Answer 10

Bulging of bladder wall into anterior vaginal wall

Question 11

Rectocele

Answer 11

Posterior prolapse of rectum toward vaginal wall

Question 12

What nerves make up the Lumbosacral trunk?

Answer 12

L4-L5

Question 13

What nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 13

ventral rami of L4, L5, S1-4

Question 14

Innervation of all pelvic organs is via what?

Answer 14

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 15

What are the 2 sympathetic component sources of the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus?

Answer 15

1. Lumbar splanchnics
2. Sacral splanchnics
   These are mostly preganglionic sympathetic fibers from L1-L2 that synapse in minute ganglia of the inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 16

What is the source of the parasympathetic component in the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus?

Answer 16

Pelvic splanchnics (S2,3,4)
These are preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that pass through the inferior hypogastric plexus and synapse in ganglia in the walls of the pelvic organs

Question 17

“Point and Shoot”-what does this mnemonic help you to remember?

Answer 17

Parasympathetics are responsible for pointing (erection)–dilating vasculature

Sympathetics are responsible for “shooting”

Question 18

Which of the following can be easily measured digitally?

A. AP diameter of pelvic outlet
B. AP diameter of pelvic inlet
C. Diagnoal Conjugate
D. Obstetric Conjugate
E. True Conjugate

Answer 18

C. Diagnoal Conjugate

Question 19

Which structure, when weakened, can conribute to uterine prolapse?

Answer 19

Cardinal ligament

Question 20

Which of the following contains nerve fibers that pass through the inferior hypogastric plexus?
A. greater splanchnic
B. lumbar splanchnic
C. Lumbosacral trunk
D. Pelvic splanchnic
E. Sacral plexus

Answer 20

D. Pelvic splanchnic

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true concerning the pelvic brim?
A. Another name for it is the pelvic outlet
B. It is more oval-shaped in the male
C. It separates the pelvic cavity form the perineum
D. The ischiopubic ramus contributes to it
E. The sacral promonotory protrudes into the posterior margin

Answer 21

The sacral promontory protrudes into the posterior margin

Question 22

Which segments make up the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Answer 22

S2-S4